Article Sidebar

Download
PDF

Main Article Content

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Introduction. The first allergy to appear in infants feeding on milk that contains bovine milk protein is cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA). Its prevalence can reach up to 7.5% in some countries. In Cameroon, no study to our knowledge has been devoted to CMPA or at least sensitization to cow's milk (CM) in pediatrics. We wanted to search for sensitization to cow's milk in infants 0-24 months of age in the Yaoundé region and the factors that promote this sensitization. Methodology. We carried out a prospective and descriptive study in the HGOPY vaccination unit from February to April 2012 in 220 infants 0 to 24 months recruited at random. It consisted of searching for a history of atopy, signs and symptoms suggestive of allergy and carrying out prick tests with cow's milk on these infants. Results. Our sample included 220 infants, 51% girls and 49% boys. Infants on CM represented 72% of the study population against 28% for infants on breastmilk. The subjects less than 6 months old were the most represented (68.2%). The introduction of CM into the diet of infants was early with an average age of introduction of 13 +/- 7 days. Symptoms and signs suggestive of allergy were more frequent in the group of infants on CM (37.1%) than in the group on breastmilk (26.2%). Three infants had a positive prick test, given a sensitization rate of 1.4%. Conclusion. Sensitization to cow's milk as detected by the prick test is as frequent in Cameroon as in certain industrialized countries. Further studies should be carried out to find and better understand the risk factors for this sensitization.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. La première allergie à apparaître chez le nourrisson alimente avec du lait qui contient des protéines lactées bovines est l’allergie aux protéines du lait de vache (APLV). Sa prévalence peut atteindre 7,5 %. Au Cameroun, aucune étude à notre connaissance n’a été consacrée à l’APLV ou du moins de la sensibilisation au lait de vache en pédiatrie. Ainsi nous avons voulu rechercher la sensibilisation au lait de vache chez les nourrissons de 0-24 mois d’âge dans la région de Yaoundé et les facteurs favorisants de cette sensibilisation. Méthodologie. Nous avons réalisé une étude prospective et descriptive dans l’unité de vaccination de l’HGOPY de Février à Avril 2012 chez 220 nourrissons de 0 à 24 mois recrutés au hasard. Elle a consisté à rechercher les antécédents d’atopie, les signes et symptômes évocateurs d’allergie et à réaliser des prick tests au lait de vache à ces nourrissons. Résultats. Notre échantillon comprenait 220 nourrissons dont 51% de filles et 49% de garçons. Les nourrissons sous LV représentaient 72% de la population d’étude contre 28% pour les nourrissons sous LM. Les sujets de moins de 6 mois étaient les plus représentés (68.2%). Le taux d’AME à 1, 2, 4 et 6mois était respectivement de 62%, 51%, 38% et 28%. L’introduction du LV dans l’alimentation des nourrissons était précoce avec un âge moyen d’introduction de 13+/-7 jours. Les symptômes et signes évocateurs d’allergie étaient plus fréquents dans le groupe de nourrissons sous LV (37.1%) que dans le groupe sous LM (26.2%). Trois nourrissons avaient un prick test positif, soit un taux de sensibilisation de 1.4%. Conclusion. La sensibilisation au lait de vache recherchée par la méthode des prick tests est autant fréquente au Cameroun que dans certains pays industrialisés. Des études plus poussées pour rechercher les facteurs de risque de cette pathologie devraient être faite pour mieux comprendre et prendre en charge cette pathologie.

Keywords

Sensitization Cow milk Pediatrics Nutrition Allergie Laie de vache Pédiatrie Nutrition

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Eposse Ekoube Charlotte, Puepi Yolande, Epee Patricia, Anastasie Nicole Alima Yanda, Mandeng Ma Linwa Edgar2, Mbono Ritha, Ngo Linwa Esther Éléonore, Hassanatou Iyawa, Michael Budzi Ngenge, & Mah Evelyn. (2022). Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy: Prevalence of Sensitization Using the Prick Test Method among Infants in a sub-Saharan African Country. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v24i1.4119
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Annesi-Maesano I, Maesano CN, Biagioni B, D'Amato G, Cecchi L. Call to action: Air pollution, asthma, and allergy in the exposome era. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2021; 148: 70–2.
  2. Ponvert C. What's new in pediatric allergology in 2009? Part 1: epidemiology, early diagnosis and prevention (a review of the international literature from the end of 2008 to the end of 2009). Rev. Fr. Allergol. 2010; 50: 516–38.
  3. Bidat E. Food allergy in children. Arch. Pediatrics 2006; 13: 1349–53.
  4. Høst A. Frequency of cow's milk allergy in childhood. Ann. Allergy. Asthma. Immunol. 2002; 89: 33–7.
  5. Rance F, Grandmottet X, Grandjean H. Prevalence and main characteristics of schoolchildren diagnosed with food allergies in France. Clin. Htmlent Glyphamp Asciiamp Exp. Allergy 2005; 35: 167–72.
  6. Bakonde, B, Tchangai-walla, K, Tatagan, A. K, Tidjani, O, Kessie, K, Assimadi, K. Distribution of sensitizations in pediatric allergology consultation in Togolese children. Medicine Afr. Noire [Internet] 1998; 45. Available from: http://www.santetropicale.com/Resume/94504.pdf. Accesed 17 Dec 2021
  7. Inventory of censuses and demographic surveys in Africa. The Population of Cameroon in 2010 [Internet]. Available from: https://ireda.ceped.org/inquête/ressources/cmr-2005-rec_population_du_cameroun_en_2010%20francais.pdf. Accesed 17 Dec 2021.
  8. Dean T, Venter C, Pereira B, Arshad SH, Grundy J, Clayton CB, et al. Patterns of sensitization to food and aeroallergens in the first 3 years of life. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2007; 120: 1166–71.
  9. National Institute of Statistics of Cameroon. Main report EDS-MICS 2011 [Internet]. Available from: http://www.statistics-cameroon.org/fr5/news.php?id=156. Accesed 20 Jan 2014
  10. Kjaer HF, Eller E, Høst A, Andersen KE, Bindslev-Jensen C. The prevalence of allergic diseases in an unselected group of 6-year-old children. The DARC birth cohort study. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. 2008; 19: 737–45.
  11. Cattaneo A, Burmaz T, Arendt M, Nilsson I, Mikiel-Kostyra K, Kondrate I, et al. Protection, promotion and support of breast-feeding in Europe: progress from 2002 to 2007. Public Health Nutr. 2010; 13: 751–9.
  12. Häggkvist AP, Brantsæter AL, Grjibovski AM, Helsing E, Meltzer HM, Haugen M. Prevalence of breast-feeding in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study and health service-related correlates of cessation of full breast-feeding. Public Health Nutr. 2010; 13: 2076–86.
  13. Bonet M, Foix L'Hélias L, Blondel B. Exclusive breastfeeding and partial breastfeeding in maternity hospitals: the situation in France in 2003. Arch. Pediatrics 2008; 15: 1407–15.
  14. Bigot-Chantepie S, Michaud L, Devos P, Depoortère MH, Dubos JP, Gottrand F, et al. Conduct of dietary diversification: prospective survey up to the age of 6 months. Arch. Pediatrics 2005; 12: 1570–6.
  15. de Vrese M, Stegelmann A, Richter B, Fenselau S, Laue C, Schrezenmeir J. Probiotics — compensation for lactase insufficiency. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2001; 73: 421s – 9s.
  16. Host A, Halken S, Jacobsen HP, Christensen AE, Herskind AM, Plesner K. Clinical course of cow's milk protein allergy / intolerance and atopic diseases in childhood. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. 2002; 13: 23–8.
  17. Rakkhong K, Kamchaisatian W, Vilaiyuk S, Benjaponpitak S. Clinical Manifestation and Natural Course of Cow's Milk Allergy in Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2010; 125: AB25.
  18. Gushken AKF, Pitarello DLA, Yonamine GH, Ciccone E, Brandão AC, Castro APBM, et al. Clinical And Laboratorial Findings From Ige Mediated Cow's Milk Allergy (CMA) In Brazilian Pediatric Patients. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2007; 119: S195.
  19. Turck D. Breastfeeding: the health benefits of the child and its mother. Arch. Pediatrics 2005; 12: S145–65.
  20. Ghadi A, Dutau G, Rancé F. Study of sensitization in atopic children in Marrakech. Prospective study in 160 children between 2002 and 2005. Rev. Fr. Allergol. Immunol. Clin. 2007; 47: 409–15.
  21. Matricardi PM, Bockelbrink A, Beyer K, Keil T, Niggemann B, Grüber C, et al. Primary versus secondary immunoglobulin E sensitization to soy and wheat in the Multi-Center Allergy Study cohort. Clin. Exp. Allergy 2008; 38: 493–500.
  22. Denis M, Loras-Duclaux I, Lachaux A. Sensitization and allergy to cow's milk proteins in breastfed children. Arch. Pediatrics 2012; 19: 305–12.
  23. Anne Moneret-Vautrin. Allergy to cow's milk proteins [Internet]. Hundred. Rech. Information from Nutr. 2013; Available from: https://www.cerin.org/etudes/lallergie-aux-proteines-de-lait-de-vache/. Accessed 17 Dec 2021.

Most read articles by the same author(s)