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RÉSUMÉ
Objectif . Caractériser les extraits de feuilles d’Annona muricata Linn et évaluer in vivo l’activité anti-hypertensive. Méthodes. il s’agit d’une étude expérimentale réalisée de janvier à juin 2018 dans les Laboratoires de Pharmacie Galénique et de Législation Pharmaceutique, et de Physiologie animale l’Université de Yaoundé I. Les feuilles séchées et pulvérisées ont été macérées dans trois solvants différents : hexane, mélange hydro-éthanolique et eau distillée. La caractérisation phytochimique a été effectuée selon Harbone et Evans. La pathologie a été induite aux rats wistar males en administrant du saccharose 20% et du NaCl 9%, l’évaluation s’est faite aux doses de 50 et 100 mg/kg d’extrait hydro-éthanolique. La pression artérielle et la fréquence cardiaque ont été selon la méthode modifiée de Bopda et al. Le profil lipidique, les transaminases et la créatinine ont été déterminés par dosage enzymatique, et l’ionogramme par un analyseur d’électrolytes HUMALYTE. Résultats.: L’extrait hydro-éthanolique contient des alcaloïdes, polyphénols, tanins, triterpènes, flavonoïdes, stéroïdes et anthraquinones. Les deux doses d’évaluation ont permis d’observer une baisse de la pression artérielle mais pas de la fréquence cardiaque, une rétention potassique et une diminution de la natrémie. Le cholestérol total est resté élevé chez les rats traités à 50 mg/Kg, et le cholestérol-LDL chez tous les rats hypertendus suite à l’administration de l’extrait. Cependant, les dommages hépatique et rénal n’ont été observés. Conclusion. La caractérisation de l’extrait hyrdo-éthanolique d’Annona muricata L a revelé la présence d’alcaloïdes, polyphénols, tanins, triterpènes, flavonoides, stéroides et anthraquinones et une activité anti-hypertensive sur les rats de souche wistar.
ABSTRACT
Objective. To characterize and evaluate Annona muricata Linn leave extracts and their in vivo anti-hypertensive activity. Methodology. This experimental study was carried out from January to June 2018 in the Laboratory of Galenic Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Legislation of the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and the Laboratory of Animal Physiology of the Faculty of Science of the University of Yaoundé I. The dried and pulverised leaves were macerated in three different solvents: hexane, hydro-ethanolic mixture and distilled water. Phytochemical characterisation was carried out according to Harbone and Evans’ protocols. Pathology was induced in male Wistar rats by administering 20% sucrose and 9% NaCl. The rats were treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg doses of hydroethanol extract. Blood pressure and heart rate were determined by the modified method of Bopda and al. Lipid profile, transaminases and creatinin were determined by an enzyme assay, and the ionogram by a HUMALYTE electrolyte analyzer. Results. The hydroethanol extract contains alkaloids, polyphenols, tannins, triterpenes, flavonoids, steroids and anthraquinones. A decrease in blood pressure but not heart rate, potassium retention and a decrease in natraemia were observed. Total cholesterol remained elevated in rats treated at 50 mg/Kg, and LDL-cholesterol in all hypertensive rats following administration of the leave extract. However, liver and kidney damage was not observed. Conclusion. The characterisation of the hyrdo-ethanolic extract of Annona muricata L revealed the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, tannins, triterpenes, flavonoids, steroids and anthraquinones and consequently, an anti-hypertensive activity on our rats.

Keywords

Annona muricata L Annona muricata L caractérisation phytochimique hypertension artérielle Extraits hydro-éthanolique de feuilles d’Annona muricata L

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Ondoua Nguele, M. O., Martin, N. N. ., Hervé, B. ., Joel, N. ., Moise Heni Julien, N. ., Katia Rosalie, N. A. ., Chimène , B. M., & E, N. N. (2021). Caractérisation Phytochimique et Évaluation de l’Activité Antihypertensive des Extraits de Feuilles d’Annona Muricata Linn (Annonaceae): Anti-hypertensive property of Annona muricata Linn leaf extracts. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 22(9). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v22i9.2786
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