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RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. L'hypertension artérielle (HTA) est un facteur de risque cardio-vasculaire responsable de décès prématurés dans le monde. Le but de ce travail était d’évaluer la prévalence communautaire et les facteurs associés de l'hypertension artérielle au Cameroun. Méthodologie. Il s’agissait d’une étude multicentrique menée au Cameroun dans 15 communautés des régions du Centre, de l’Est, de l’Ouest, du Sud-Ouest, et du Littoral sous forme de campagnes de dépistage de janvier 2022 à décembre 2022. Des volontaires âgés de ≥ 18 ans ont été dépistés pour l'hypertension artérielle et les facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaires. Résultats. Nous avons recruté 1530 volontaires dont l'âge moyen était de 44,5±15,7 ans avec un sex-ratio de 0,58. La prévalence de l'hypertension artérielle dans notre population était de 38,95% avec une incidence de 21%. Parmi les hypertendus connus avant le dépistage, 65.10% avaient une tension artérielle non contrôlée. La proportion non-diabétique (aOR=1,68 ; CI : 1,17-2,42) avait près de 2 fois plus de risque de développer une hypertension que la proportion diabétique. Les personnes ayant pris leur tension en cours d’année (aOR=0,43 ; CI : 0,25-0,73) avaient moins de risque de développer une hypertension comparés à ceux qui n’avaient jamais fait de prise de tension. Les participants en surpoids (aOR=0,53 ; CI : 0,38-0,72) et obèse (aOR= 0,46 ; CI : 0,34-0,64) avaient moins de risque d’avoir une hypertension que ceux avec un indice de masse corporelle (IMC) classée normal. Conclusion. L'hypertension artérielle a une prévalence élevée au Cameroun et les facteurs associés étaient l’absence d’un contrôle régulier de la tension artérielle, un IMC normal et le fait de ne pas être diabétique connu.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. High blood pressure (HBP) is a cardiovascular risk factor responsible for premature deaths worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension in the Cameroonian context. Methodology. This was a multicenter study conducted in Cameroon in 15 communities in the Central, East, West, Southwest, and Littoral regions in the form of screening campaigns from January 2022 to December 2022. Volunteers aged ≥ 18 years were screened for high blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors. Results. We selected 1530 volunteers with a mean age of 44.5±15.7 years and a sex ratio of 0.58. The prevalence of high blood pressure in our population was 38.95% with an incidence of 21%. Among those known to have hypertension before screening, 65.10% had uncontrolled blood pressure. The non-diabetic proportion (aOR=1.68; CI: 1.17-2.42) had nearly 2 times the risk of developing hypertension compared to the diabetic proportion. Individuals who had their blood pressure checked within the year (aOR=0.43; CI: 0.25-0.73) had a lower risk of developing hypertension compared to those who had never had their blood pressure checked. Overweight (aOR=0.53; CI: 0.38-0.72) and obese (aOR=0.46; CI: 0.34-0.64) participants had a lower risk of hypertension compared to those with a normal body mass index (BMI). Conclusion. High blood pressure has a high prevalence in Cameroon, and the associated factors were the absence of regular blood pressure control, a normal BMI, and not being a known diabetic.

Keywords

High blood pressure Prevalence Cameroon Hypertension artérielle prévalence Cameroun

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Djibrilla Siddikatou, Ngongang Djomou, Fouedjio Kafack, Ngongang Ouankou, Solange Ndom, Kenne Yonta, & Félicité Kamdem. (2024). Prevalence and Associated Factors of High Blood Pressure in a Cameroonian Community. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 25(2 Suppl 1). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v25i2 Suppl 1.5302
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