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RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Peu de données existent sur l’agression rénale aigue associée aux médicaments traditionnels (ARAMT) en Afrique Subsaharienne. L’objectif de cette étude était de décrire le profil clinique de l’ARAMT dans deux hôpitaux de 1ère catégorie au Cameroun. Matériels et méthodes. Nous avons mené une étude analytique de 5 mois dans les hôpitaux généraux de Douala et Yaoundé. L’agression rénale aigue était définie et classifiée selon les critères de la KDIGO 2012. ARAMT était définie par la survenue d’une agression rénale aigue dans les 72 heures qui suivaient la prise de médicaments traditionnels. Résultats. Des 53 patients inclus, 24 patients avaient une ARAMT soit une fréquence de 45%. Les patients avec ARAMT étaient plus jeunes (31,7±20ans vs 43,9±20,7ans, p=0,034). La nécrose tubulaire aigue (71% vs 48,3%, p=0,002), le stade 3 (92% vs 69%, p=0,043) étaient plus fréquents au cours de l’ARAMT. La récupération rénale et les décès étaient comparables dans les deux groupes. Les médicaments traditionnels étaient majoritairement des extraits végétaux à base de feuilles (75%) préparés par le patient ou son entourage et administrés sous forme de décoctions orales. Les principales plantes identifiées étaient Cimbopogon citratus, Citrus aurantifolia, Mangifera indica et Carica papaya. Conclusion. L’ARAMT est fréquente dans notre contexte. Elle affecte les sujets jeunes et la nécrose tubulaire est le principal mécanisme lésionnel. Les médicaments traditionnels sont essentiellement des décoctions d’extrait de plantes administrées par voie orale et préparée par le patient ou son entourage.


ABSTRACT
Background. Data on acute kidney injury associated to traditional medicines (AKIATM) are scarce in sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to describe the clinical profile of AKIATR in two hospitals of first category in Cameroon. Materials and methods. We conducted an analytical study of 5 months in the general hospitals of Douala and Yaounde. Acute kidney injury was defined and classified according to KDIGO 2012. AKIATM was defined as acute kidney injury that develop within 72 hours after the administration of traditional medicines. Patients with chronic kidney disease were excluded. Results. Acute kidney injury was noted in 53 patients and 24 (45%) had AKIATM. Patients with AKIATM were younger (31.7±20 years vs 43.9±20.7 years, p=0.034). Acute tubular necrosis (71% vs 48.3%, p=0.002) and stage 3 (92% vs 69% p=0.043) were more common in AKIATM. Dialysis indication, dialysis access, renal recovery and death were comparable in AKIATM and AKI non-associated with traditional medicines. Herbal remedies were the sole traditional medicines and mainly come from leaves (75%). They were mainly prepared by the patient or his relative and administrated as oral decoction. The main plants identified were Cimbopogon citratus, Citrus aurantifolia, Mangifera indica and Carica papaya. Conclusion. AKIATM is common in our setting and mainly affected young patient. It is usually a severe acute kidney injury due to an acute tubular necrosis. Traditional medicines are mostly oral decoction of plants extract and prepared by the patient or his relative.

Keywords

Key words:  Traditional Medicines –Acute Kidney Injury – Acute Tubular Necrosis- Cameroon Mots - clés :   Médicaments traditionnels –Agression rénale aigue- Nécrose tubulaire aigue-Cameroun

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Hermine Danielle , F., Nguidjoe, . E. M. ., AJOMO, J. C. ., Mahamat , M. . ., Nzana, V. ., Halle, . M.-P. ., Kaze, F. ., & Ashuntantang, G. (2021). Profil Clinique de l’Agression Rénale Aigue Associée aux Médicaments Traditionnels (ARAMT) dans deux Hôpitaux Généraux au Cameroun: . HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 22(10). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v22i10.2992
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