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RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. La cirrhose hépatique est un terrain favorable à l’éclosion d’autres comorbidités. Le but de ce travail était décrire les pathologies de diagnostic endoscopique associées aux varices œsophagiennes. Matériels et Méthodes. Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale à mode de collecte de données rétrospectif sur une période allant de juillet 2008 à juillet 2017 menée dans 3 centres de santé privés dans 3 villes moyennes du Burkina Faso. Résultats. Sur une population de 3556 sujets cirrhotiques, les varices œsophagiennes étaient retrouvées chez 165 patients soit une prévalence de 4,64%. L’âge moyen était de 45,5 ans ±17 avec des extrêmes de 34 et 93 ans. La recherche endoscopique de signes d’hypertension portale (HTP), les manifestations douloureuses thoraco-abdominales et les hémorragies digestives étaient les principaux motifs d’exploration du tube digestif haut. Au niveau œsophagien les lésions mycosiques étaient significativement plus fréquentes (13,93%) chez les patients avec une HTP que dans le groupe sans HTP. Au niveau gastrique, l’ulcère gastrique était significativement plus fréquent chez les patients avec HTP (12,72%) par rapport aux patients sans HTP (7,63%). la maladie ulcéreuse gastroduodénale dans toutes ses localisations était significativement plus fréquente dans le groupe avec HTP (25,45%) par rapport au groupe sans HTP (16,8%). Conclusion. La mycose œsophagienne et la maladie ulcéreuse gastroduodénale sont significativement associées aux signes d’HTP. Des études supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour mieux comprendre cette imbrication. Ces pathologies souvent de découverte fortuite, peuvent influencer l’approche africaine des recommandations de BAVENO 6.
ABSTRACT
Background. Liver cirrhosis is a breeding ground for the outbreak of other comorbidities. The aim of this work was to describe endoscopic pathologies associated with esophageal varices. Materials and methods. This was a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection mode over a period from July 2008 to July 2017 conducted in 3 private health centers in 3 medium-sized towns in Burkina Faso. Results. In a population of 3556 patients with liver cirrhosis, esophageal varices were found in 165 patients, ie a prevalence of 4.64%. The mean age was 45.5 ± 17 years with extremes of 34 and 93 years. Endoscopic search for signs of portal hypertension (PH), painful thoracoabdominal manifestations, and gastrointestinal bleeding were the main indications for exploring the upper gastrointestinal tract. At the esophageal level, mycotic lesions were significantly more frequent (13.93%) in patients with PH than in the group without PH. At the gastric level, gastric ulcer was significantly more frequent in patients with PH (12.72%) compared to patients without PH (7.63%). peptic ulcer disease in all its locations, it was significantly more frequent in the group with PH (25.45%) than in the group without PH(16.8%). Conclusion. Esophageal mycosis and peptic ulcer disease are significantly associated with the signs of PH. Further studies are needed to better understand this interweaving. These pathologies, often discovered by chance, can influence the African approach to the recommendations of BAVENO 6.

Keywords

Esophageal varices PHT Esophageal mycosis Peptic Ulcer Sub-Saharan Africa Varices œsophagiennes HTP Mycose œsophagienne ulcère gastroduodénal Afrique sub saharienne

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ZD, O. ., SL, Z. ., M, K. ., R, S. ., A, C. ., KS, S. ., N, S. ., AR, S. ., & A, B. . (2021). Lésions Endoscopiques Liées aux Varices Œsophagiennes dans les Villes Moyennes du Burkina Faso. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v23i1.3230
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