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ABSTRACT
Objective. Analyze the preoperative cardiovascular risk in patients undergoing surgery in anesthesia-resuscitation departments; surgery and operating room of the Military Hospital Region N°1 of Yaounde. Methods. A hospital-based analytical, descriptive, and prospective study was designed from 30 November 2020 to 30 March 2021. Were included in the study all patients over 18 years old scheduled for surgery, welcomed in the anesthesia consultation room, who have signed the informed consent form of participation in the study. All patients who have undergone surgery in an emergency were excluded. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, whereas the correlation results tests were discriminated at a 5% level of significance. Results. 113 patients averagely 48.4 years old meeting our criteria were included in the study, of whom 54% were male at a 1.15 ratio. Spinal anesthesia was used in (50.7%) of the cases. ASA-3 and ASA-4 were represented by 2.7% each, whereas 10.6% and 7.1% of patients had Lee Index of class-3 and class-4 respectively. Cardiovascular complications occurred in 63 (55.7%) of patients and were dominated by low blood pressure (25.7%), hypertensive crises (24.8%), and cardiac arrhythmias (21.2%). According to the Clavien-Dindo classification, these complications were mainly of Grade-1, thus 85 (75.2%), and Grade-2, thus 21 (18.6%). Significant relationships (p<0.05) were observed between the preoperative cardiac risk indicators used (ASA scores, Lee's index, low functional capacity, Clavien-Dindo classification) and the occurrence of cardiovascular complications. Conclusion. Results from this research indicate that cardiovascular incidents are to be seriously taken into consideration in surgical settings.


RÉSUMÉ
Objectif. Analyser le risque cardiovasculaire préopératoire chez les patients devant subir une chirurgie au sein des services d’anesthésie-réanimation ; chirurgie et bloc opératoire de l’Hôpital Militaire Région N°1 de Yaoundé. Méthodes. Il s’agissait d’une étude prospective analytique et descriptive menée du 30 novembre 2020 au 30 mars 2021. Nous avons inclus dans l’étude tous les patients de plus de 18 ans programmés pour une chirurgie et vu en consultation pré-anesthésique et ayant signé la fiche de consentement éclairé de participation à l’étude. Etaient exclus les sujets de moins de 18 ans, ceux ayant eu une chirurgie non programmée et réalisée en urgence. A l’admission au bloc opératoire, les patients étaient accompagnés d’un questionnaire structuré, tandis que les tests des résultats de corrélation ont été discriminés à un niveau de signification de 5 %. Résultats. 113 patients âgés en moyenne de 48,4 ans et répondant à nos critères ont été inclus dans l'étude, dont 54 % étaient des hommes avec un ratio de 1,15. La rachianesthésie a été utilisée dans (50,7 %) des cas. ASA-3 et ASA-4 étaient représentées par 2,7 % respectivement, alors que 10,6 % et 7,1 % des patients avaient un indice de Lee de classe-3 et de classe-4 respectivement. Les complications cardiovasculaires sont survenues chez 63 (55,7 %) des patients et étaient dominées par l'hypotension artérielle (25,7 %), les poussées hypertensives (24,8 %) et les arythmies cardiaques (21,2 %). Selon la classification de Clavien-Dindo, ces complications étaient majoritairement de Grade-1 85(75,2 %), suivi du Grade-2 21(18,6 %). Des corrélations significatives (p<0,05) ont été observées entre les indicateurs de risque cardiaque préopératoire utilisés (score ASA, indice de Lee, la capacité fonctionnelle et la classification de Clavien-Dindo) et la survenue de complications cardiovasculaires. Conclusion. Les résultats de cette recherche indiquent que les incidents cardiovasculaires doivent être sérieusement pris en compte dans les contextes chirurgicaux.

Keywords

Surgery, cardiovascular risk, cardiovascular complications, pre-operative cardiac risk patients. Chirurgie, risque cardiovasculaire, complications cardiovasculaires, patients à risque cardiaque préopératoire

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Tsague Marthe Valentine, Aurelien Patrick, C., Mireille Flaure, M. D., Jacques Olivier, N. T., Djibrilla Yaouba, Nicolas, N. Y. ., Albert, N., & Jacqueline, Z. M. (2022). Preoperative Cardiovascular Risk Analysis at the Region N°1 Military Hospital of Yaounde. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 23(10). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v23i10.3900
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