Main Article Content
Abstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Le cancer cutané est caractérisé par la multiplication anarchique de cellules tumorales dans la peau. La prévalence du cancer cutané dans le monde est sans cesse croissante. Au Cameroun, face à l’essor des pratiques telles que la dépigmentation, nous nous sommes proposés de mener une étude dont le but était de préciser les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, histologiques et immunohistochimiques des cancers cutanés diagnostiqués au Centre Pasteur du Cameroun (CPC). Méthodologie. Nous avons mené une étude transversale descriptive et rétrospective sur une période de 10ans allant de janvier 2012 à décembre 2021, incluant tous les dossiers patients avec cancer cutané diagnostiqué histologiquement au CPC. Résultats. Au total, 586 cas de cancers cutanés ont été inclus. L’âge moyen dans notre distribution était de 47,8 ans ±17,6 avec un ratio H/F égal à 1,02. Le diagnostic évoqué par les cliniciens le plus fréquemment était la maladie de Kaposi. La maladie de Kaposi était l’entité histologique la plus fréquente (32,6%), suivie par le carcinome épidermoïde (24,1%). En immunohistochimie, le panel sein avec le Human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her2) était le plus utilisé, ceci dans l’exploration de la Maladie de Paget. Conclusion. Les cancers cutanés sont fréquents. Ils peuvent présenter des aspects cliniques et histologiques variés, peu spécifiques pouvant compliquer la thérapeutique et l’évaluation pronostique. Au vu de leur incidence élevée et des facteurs d’exposition cutanée grandissants, toute lésion suspecte devrait faire l’objet d’un prélèvement et d’une analyse histopathologique couplée ou non à l’immunohistochimie. Une meilleure prise en charge de cette pathologie devra passer par l’amélioration de l’offre de soins dans notre milieu.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Skin cancer is characterized by the anarchic multiplication of tumor cells in the skin. The prevalence of skin cancer in the world is constantly increasing. In Cameroon, faced with the rise of practices such as depigmentation, we proposed to conduct a study aiming to clarify the epidemiological, clinical, histological and immunohistochemical aspects of skin cancers diagnosed at the Centre Pasteur du Cameroun (CPC). Methodology. We conducted a descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study over a period of 10 years from January 2012 to December 2021, including all patient files with skin cancer diagnosed histologically at the CPC. Results. A total of 586 cases of skin cancers were included. The average age in our distribution was 47.8 years ±17.6 with an M/F ratio equal to 1.02. The diagnosis mentioned most frequently by clinicians was Kaposi's disease. Kaposi's disease was the most frequent histological entity (32.6%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (24.1%). In immunohistochemistry, the breast panel with the Human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her2) was the most used, in the exploration of Paget's disease. Conclusion. Skin cancers are common. They can present varied clinical and histological aspects, which are not very characteristic and can complicate therapy and prognostic evaluation. In view of their high incidence and increasing skin exposure factors, any suspicious lesion should be sampled and histopathologically analyzed, whether or not coupled with immunohistochemistry. A better management of this pathology will have to pass the improvement of the offer of care in our environment.
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References
- American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2021. Atlanta : American Cancer Society; 2021.
- Wright CY, du Preez DJ, Millar DA, Norval M. The Epidemiology of Skin Cancer and Public Health Strategies for Its Prevention in Southern Africa. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 6 févr 2020 ;17(3) :1017.
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- Diallo M. Skin cancers of the face in an African Black population. Arch Otolaryngol Rhinol. 23 août 2017 ; 095‑7.
- Kouotou Emmanuel. Histoire de la Dépigmentation Volontaire. Health Sciences and Diseases. Vol 20 (6) Suppl 1. nov 2019;
- Gandhi SA, Kampp J. Skin Cancer Epidemiology, Detection, and Management. Med Clin North Am. nov 2015 ;99(6):1323‑35.
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- Kombaté K, Saka B, Mouhari-Toure A, Barruet RK, Gnassingbé W, Akakpo S, et al. Skin pathology in the elderly in dermatology in Lome,Togo: study of 325 cases. Pan Afr Med J. 2014 ;18 :151.
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- Alhumaidi A. Practical immunohistochemistry of epithelial skin tumor. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 78(6) :698–708.
- Société Canadienne du cancer. Analyse du statut des récepteurs hormonaux https://cancer.ca/fr/treatments/tests-and-procedures/hormone-receptor-status-test
- Wolff AC, Hammond MEH, Allison KH, Harvey BE, Mangu PB, Bartlett JMS, et al. Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Clinical Practice Guideline Focused Update. J Clin Oncol. 2018 ;36(20):2105–22.
- Penault-Llorca F, Radosevic-Robin N. Ki67 assessment in breast cancer: an update. Pathology. 2017 Feb ;49(2) :166–71.
- Allison KH, Hammond MEH, Dowsett M, McKernin SE, Carey LA, Fitzgibbons PL, et al. Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Testing in Breast Cancer: ASCO/CAP Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol. 2020 ;38(12) :1346–66.
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- Szablewski V, Costes-Martineau V, René C, Croci-Torti A, Joujoux J-M. Composite cutaneous lymphoma of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma-leg type and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma. J Cutan Pathol. 2018 May 30.
- Jagati A, Shah BJ, Tibrewal S, Gajjar T. CD3+, CD56+, CD4-, CD8-, CD20-, CD30- Peripheral T-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma : A Rare Case Report. Indian J Dermatol. 62(2) :200–2.
References
American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2021. Atlanta : American Cancer Society; 2021.
Wright CY, du Preez DJ, Millar DA, Norval M. The Epidemiology of Skin Cancer and Public Health Strategies for Its Prevention in Southern Africa. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 6 févr 2020 ;17(3) :1017.
Korsaga-Somé N, Zongo N, Ouangré E, Tapsoba P, Ouédraogo MS, Ilboudo L, et al. Aspects épidémiologique, clinique et anatomopathologique du mélanome CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Pan Afr Med J. 2015 ;20.
Tod BM, Kellett PE, Singh E, Visser WI, Lombard CJ, Wright CY. The incidence of melanoma in South Africa: An exploratory analysis of National Cancer Registry data from 2005 to 2013 with a specific focus on melanoma in black Africans. S Afr Med J. 29 mars 2019 ;109(4) :246
Diallo M. Skin cancers of the face in an African Black population. Arch Otolaryngol Rhinol. 23 août 2017 ; 095‑7.
Kouotou Emmanuel. Histoire de la Dépigmentation Volontaire. Health Sciences and Diseases. Vol 20 (6) Suppl 1. nov 2019;
Gandhi SA, Kampp J. Skin Cancer Epidemiology, Detection, and Management. Med Clin North Am. nov 2015 ;99(6):1323‑35.
Gaylord Inena, Brian Chu, Dadi Falay, Bambale Limengo, Ibanda Matondo, , Abisa Bokanga, , Carrie Kovarik, et al. Patterns of skin cancer and treatment outcomes for patients with albinism at Kisangani Clinic, Democratic Republic of Congo. International Journal of Dermatology. 2020 ;1‑7.
Kouotou EA, Nansseu JR, Omona Guissana E, Mendouga Menye CR, Akpadjan F, Tounkara TM, Zoung-Kanyi Bissek AC, Ndjitoyap Ndam EC. Epidemiology and clinical features of keloids in Black Africans: a nested case-control study from Yaoundé, Cameroon. Int J Dermatol. 2019 Oct ;58(10) :1135-40.
Mseddi M, Marrekchi S, Abdelmaksoud W, Bouassida S, Meziou, T, Boudaya S et al., Epidemio-clinical profil of skin cancer in southern Tunisia; Tunis Med. juin 2007;85(6):505-8.
Diallo B., Andonaba JB, Konate I., Barre-Traore F., Goumbri OM et Al. Les cancers cutanés : fréquence et types histopathologiques à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Sci Tech Sci Santé. déc 2009;32(1 et 2):101‑9.
Malalaniaina A, Lovasoa T, Mamisoa RI, Malala R, Soavina RL, Florine R, et al. Skin cancers in Madagascar: where do we stand? Pan Afr Med J. 2019; 34 :167.
Ouedraogo M, Zongo N, Ouedraogo N, Tapsoba G, Korsaga/Somé N, Nyamba Y, Barro/Traoré F, Niamba P, Traoré A. Cancers cutanés sur peau noire en milieu tropical africain. Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie. Volume 142. déc 2017;S529.
Kombaté K, Saka B, Mouhari-Toure A, Barruet RK, Gnassingbé W, Akakpo S, et al. Skin pathology in the elderly in dermatology in Lome,Togo: study of 325 cases. Pan Afr Med J. 2014 ;18 :151.
Ministère de la Santé Publique dui Cameroun. Plan stratégique national de prévention et de lutte contre le cancer (PSNPLCa). 2020.
Plotzke JM, Zhao R, Hrycaj SM, Harms PW, Mehra R, Chan MP. Immunohistochemical expression of PAX8, PAX2, and cytokeratin in melanomas. J Cutan Pathol. 2021 Oct ;48(10) : 1246–51.
Alhumaidi A. Practical immunohistochemistry of epithelial skin tumor. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 78(6) :698–708.
Société Canadienne du cancer. Analyse du statut des récepteurs hormonaux https://cancer.ca/fr/treatments/tests-and-procedures/hormone-receptor-status-test
Wolff AC, Hammond MEH, Allison KH, Harvey BE, Mangu PB, Bartlett JMS, et al. Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Clinical Practice Guideline Focused Update. J Clin Oncol. 2018 ;36(20):2105–22.
Penault-Llorca F, Radosevic-Robin N. Ki67 assessment in breast cancer: an update. Pathology. 2017 Feb ;49(2) :166–71.
Allison KH, Hammond MEH, Dowsett M, McKernin SE, Carey LA, Fitzgibbons PL, et al. Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Testing in Breast Cancer: ASCO/CAP Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol. 2020 ;38(12) :1346–66.
Shao SH, Wang Y, Dai XY, Xiao YJ, Guan JJ, Lin DL, et al. CD20-positive T cell lymphoma: clinicopathological features of five cases. Zhonghua bing li xue za zhi Chinese J Pathol. 2020 Oct 8 ;49(10) :1021–6.
Szablewski V, Costes-Martineau V, René C, Croci-Torti A, Joujoux J-M. Composite cutaneous lymphoma of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma-leg type and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma. J Cutan Pathol. 2018 May 30.
Jagati A, Shah BJ, Tibrewal S, Gajjar T. CD3+, CD56+, CD4-, CD8-, CD20-, CD30- Peripheral T-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma : A Rare Case Report. Indian J Dermatol. 62(2) :200–2.