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Abstract

RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. La dermatite atopique a déjà suscité plusieurs études en Afrique et dans le monde mais demeure peu étudiée en République Démocratique du Congo. L'objectif de ce travail était de déterminer la prévalence de cette dermatose chez les enfants dans la ville de Goma. Matériels et méthodes. Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive réalisée chez les enfants vus en consultation dans le service de Dermatologie de l’hôpital provincial du Nord-Kivu sur une période de 1 an. Les données ont été saisies et analysées à l’aide de la version 27 de SPSS. Résultat. La prévalence était de 14,9%. Les facteurs sociodémographiques et cliniques associés à la dermatite atopique étaient de façon statistiquement significative : le sexe (p=0,001) avec une prédominance masculine (58,8%),  la  zone  de résidence (p=0,032) avec une prédominance dans la partie urbaine (83,0%), le climat ( p= 0,004) avec un pic observé pendant la saison sèche ( 58,8%), le niveau d’instruction des parents (p=0,002) avec un taux élevé parmi les enfants dont les parents avaient fait des études secondaires et universitaires (78,1%), le mode d’accouchement (p=0,043) avec un pic observé chez les patients nés par césarienne (58,2%) ,le tabagisme   (p=0,000) avec un pic élevé chez les patients ayant été exposés à la fumée du tabac (54,4%), les facteurs déclencheurs des crises (p= 0,005) dont le plus cité était l’alimentation (30,8% ) et les maladies associées ( p=0,000) dont la plus prédominante était l’asthme (31,3%). Conclusion. Des études ultérieures sont nécessaires pour élucider le rôle de l’alimentation dans le déclenchement de la dermatite atopique afin de réduire sa prévalence chez les enfants congolais.
 
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Atopic dermatitis has already been the subject of several studies in Africa and around the world, but remains little studied in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of this dermatosis in children in the city of Goma. Materials and methods. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in children seen in consultation in the Dermatology Department of the Provincial Hospital of North Kivu over a period of 1 year. Data were captured and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Results. The prevalence was 14.9%. The sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with atopic dermatitis were statistically significant: sex (p=0.001) with a male predominance (58.8%), area of residence (p=0.032) with a predominance in the urban part (83.0%), climate (p = 0.004) with a peak observed during the dry season (58.8%), parental education (p=0.002) with a high rate among those with secondary and university education (78.1%),  mode of delivery (p=0.043) with a peak observed in patients born by caesarean section (58.2%), smoking (p=0.000) with a high peak in patients who had been exposed to tobacco smoke (54.4%), factors triggering attacks (p=0.005) of which the most cited was diet (30.8%) and associated diseases (p=0.000) of which the most predominant was asthma (31.3%). Conclusion. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of diet in triggering atopic dermatitis in order to reduce its prevalence in Congolese children.

Keywords

Epidemiological aspects, atopic dermatitis, city of Goma Aspects épidémiologiques, dermatite atopique, ville de Goma

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How to Cite
Ngolo Masudi P, Ndayazi Byemero D, Kyembwa Mulyumba M, Seudjip Nono J, & Wembonyama Okitotsho S. (2024). Epidemiology of Atopic Dermatitis in the City of Goma (Congo): Aspects Épidémiologiques de la Dermatite Atopique dans la Ville de Goma (Congo). HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v26i1.6295
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