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Abstract

Purpose. To describe peripheral retinal degenerations in myopic eyes in a hospital-based setting.
Patients and methods. Myopic patients aged at least 5 years old seen between January and December 2015 in whom peripheral retinal examination was done using a 3-mirror lens were included. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalence of ≤ -0.50 D on automatic refraction (following cycloplegia with cyclopentolate and tropicamide in patients < 40 years). Myopia < - 6 D was considered pathologic. Chi-square test was used to compare proportions and a significance level was set at 5%.
Results. A total of 74 eyes of 37 patients (of whom 62.2% females) were included. The age group of 20-30 years represented 37.8%. Non-pathologic myopia was present in 42 eyes (56.8%). The prevalence of degenerative lesions was 89.5% (95.2% in those with non-pathologic myopia and 87.5% in those with pathologic myopia) P=0.227. The most frequent degenerations were snowflakes, white without pressure and pigmentary degeneration. Lattice degeneration and retinal hole were found in 8.1% (n=6) and 9.5% (n=7) of eyes respectively. Lattice degeneration occurred more frequently in pathologic myopia, though the difference was not significant (15.6% vs 4.8%; p=0.1). Retinal hole was more common in eyes with pathologic myopia (p=0.03).
Conclusion. Careful examination of the peripheral retina is recommended in all forms of myopia. Patient education on vitreous and retinal detachment symptoms and the need to seek urgent care is essential.

RÉSUMÉ
But de l’étude. Décrire les lésions dégénératives de la périphérie rétinienne observées chez des sujets myopes en milieu hospitalier.
Patients et méthodes. Nous avons colligé tous les dossiers des patients myopes âgés d’au moins 5 ans reçus de Janvier à Décembre 2015 et chez qui un examen au verre à trois miroirs de Goldman avait été réalisé. L’œil est considéré myope si l’équivalence sphérique est ≤ -0,50D après réfractométrie automatique (avec une cycloplégie systématique chez les patients de moins de 40 ans). Une myopie ˂- 6 D est considérée comme pathologique. Le test de khi-carré a été utilisé pour comparer les proportions avec un seuil de significativité p ≤ 5%.
Résultats. Nous avons retenu 37 patients (74 yeux) parmi lesquels 62,2% étaient des femmes. La tranche d’âge de 20 à 30 ans regroupe 37,8% des patients. Pour 42 yeux (56,8%), la myopie n’est pas pathologique. La prévalence des lésions dégénératives est de 89,5% (95.2% chez les patients avec une myopie non pathologique et 87.5% dans le groupe opposé). Les dégénérescences les plus fréquentes sont les givres, les blancs sans pression et les dégénérescences pigmentaires. Les dégénérescences palissadiques et les trous rétiniens ont été observés dans 8,1% (n=6) et 9,5% (n=7) des cas respectivement. Ces deux lésions sont les plus fréquentes dans les cas de myopie pathologique.
Conclusion. Un examen minutieux de la périphérie rétinienne doit être systématique chez tous les patients myopes. L’éducation est essentielle pour la prévention et la prise en charge précoce des complications de la myopie.

Keywords

myopia retinal hole lattice degeneration

Article Details

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Dohvoma, V., Ebana Mvogo, S., Nomo, A., Epee, E., Owono, D., Akono Zoua, M., Mvilongo, T., Nguena, M., & Ebana Mvogo, C. (2016). Peripheral Retinal Degenerative Lesions in Myopic Patients at the Yaoundé Central Hospital. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v17i4.736
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