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Abstract
La varicelle est une maladie très contagieuse due à un virus, de la famille des Herpes viridae, nommé VZV (Varicelle-Zona Virus). La varicelle peut atteindre toutes les structures du globe oculaire. La situation épidémiologique de la varicelle en Afrique est méconnue. La description de la répartition de la varicelle et de ses complications oculaires en Afrique est nécessaire. Notre observation porte sur une jeune adolescente, immunocompétente, présentant une inflammation des conjonctives associée à des dermatoses prurigineuses d’âges variables. Elle a été reçue en consultation au CHU-IOTA le 11 Mars 2020. Maladie immunisante, la varicelle est évitable par la vaccination.
ABSTRACT
Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by a virus, of the family Herpes viridae, called VZV (Varicella-Zoster Virus). Chickenpox can affect any structure in the eyeball. The epidemiological situation of chickenpox in Africa is not well known. A description of the distribution of chickenpox and its ocular complications in Africa is necessary. Our observation concerns a young girl, immunocompetent with inflammation of the conjunctiva associated with pruritic dermatoses of varying ages. She was received in consultation at IOTA-Teaching Hospital on March 11, 2020. An immunizing disease, chickenpox is preventable by vaccination.
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References
- Kim SR, Khan F, Ramirez-Fort MK, Downing C, Tyring SK. Varicella zoster: an update on current treatment options and future perspectives. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2014;15(1):61-71.
- Abro AH, Ustadi AM, Das K, Abdou AM, Hussaini HS, Chandra FS. Chickenpox: presentation and complications in adults. J Pak Med Assoc. 2009;59(12):828-31.
- Nicholas Robert Johnston. Red eye in chickenpox: varicella-related acute anterior uveitis in a child. BMJ Case Rep. 2010; 2010: bcr0120102678. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136%2Fbcr.01.2010.2678
- Biswas, J., Nagpal, A., Chopra, S., & Karna, S. Resolution of chicken pox neuroretinitis with oral acyclovir: A case report. Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2003, 11(4), 315–318. doi:10.1076/ocii.11.4.315.18267
- Rusmir Baljić, Hadžan Konjo, Bekir Rovčanin, Mirsada Hukić.Complication of chickenpox in immunocompetent patients hospitalized at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases of the Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. Medical Journal,2017, 23(4) : 147 - 149
- Nahdi I, Abdelwahed RB, Boukoum H, Bressollette-Bodin C, Attia S, Yahia SB,et al. Herpesvirus detection and cytokine levels (IL-10, IL-6, and IFN-γ)inocular fluid from Tunisian immunocompetent patients with uveitis. J MedVirol. 2013;85:2079–86.31.
- Laaks D, Smit DP, Harvey J. Polymerase chain reaction to search for herpesviruses in uveitic and healthy eyes: a south African perspective [internet]. Afr Health Sci. 2015; Available from: http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ahs/article/download/121827/111288
- Compston LI, Li C, Sarkodie F, Owusu-Ofori S, Opare-Sem O, Allain J-P.Prevalence of persistent and latent viruses in untreated patients infected with HIV-1 from Ghana. West Africa J Med Virol. 2009;81:1860–8
- M.Cisséa,M.-M.Soumaha, M.Keïtaa,T.-M.Tounkaraa,B.-F.Dianéa,F.-B.Sako et al. La varicelle de l’adulte à Conakry (Guinée). Étude rétrospective monocentrique de 42cas. Annales de dermatologie et de vénéréologie (2014)141,782—785
- Jean Claude Romaric Pingdwindé Ouédraogo, Serge Ouoba, Mamoudou Savadogo, Moussa Sawadogo, Edmond Nikiema, Hamadé Ouédraogo et al. Morbi-mortalité de la varicelle en milieu hospitalier: à propos de 19 cas colligés au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, BurkinaFaso. Pan African Medical Journal.2019;33:19.doi:10.11604/pamj.2019.33.19.17913
- Thimothée Ella-Ondo, M Mimbila-Mayi, j Iba ba, B Nguéma-Edzang. Accident Vasculaire Ischémique Compliquant Une Varicelle chez un Enfant Immunocompétent. Health Sci. Dis: 2016, 17 (3) : 115-121.
- Dulović O, Gvozdenović E, Nikolić J, Spurnić AR, Katanić N, Kovarević-Pavićević D. Varicella complications: is it time to consider a routine varicella vaccination? Vojnosanit Pregl. 2010;67(7):523-529.
- Sungur G et al The effect of clinical severity and eyelid rash on ocular involvement in primary varicella infection. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2009 Nov-Dec;19(6):905-8.
- Jessica Leung, Andrea M McCollum, Kay Radford, Christine Hughes, Adriana S Lopez , Sarah Anne J Guagliardo et al. Varicella in Tshuapa Province, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2009–2014. Trop Med Int Health. 2019 Jul;24(7):839-848.doi: 10.1111/tmi.13243. Epub 2019 May 22.
- Margot Denier, Eric Gabison, Marwan Sahyoun, Marc Labetoulle, Pascal Dureau, Isabelle Cochereau, et al. Stromal Keratitis After Varicella in Children. Cornea 2020;39:680–684.
- Steven Charles Quan and Dimitra Skondra. Varicella-zoster Encephalitis with Acute RetinalNecrosis and Oculomotor Nerve Palsy. Optom Vis Sci 2019;96:367–371. doi:10.1097/OPX.0000000000001370.
- Jonathan Yu, Jane Ashworth, Stephen Hughes, Nicholas Jones. Varicella-zoster virus necrotising retinitis, retinal vasculitis and panuveitis following uncomplicated chickenpox in an immunocompetent child. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2017-223823
References
Kim SR, Khan F, Ramirez-Fort MK, Downing C, Tyring SK. Varicella zoster: an update on current treatment options and future perspectives. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2014;15(1):61-71.
Abro AH, Ustadi AM, Das K, Abdou AM, Hussaini HS, Chandra FS. Chickenpox: presentation and complications in adults. J Pak Med Assoc. 2009;59(12):828-31.
Nicholas Robert Johnston. Red eye in chickenpox: varicella-related acute anterior uveitis in a child. BMJ Case Rep. 2010; 2010: bcr0120102678. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136%2Fbcr.01.2010.2678
Biswas, J., Nagpal, A., Chopra, S., & Karna, S. Resolution of chicken pox neuroretinitis with oral acyclovir: A case report. Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2003, 11(4), 315–318. doi:10.1076/ocii.11.4.315.18267
Rusmir Baljić, Hadžan Konjo, Bekir Rovčanin, Mirsada Hukić.Complication of chickenpox in immunocompetent patients hospitalized at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases of the Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. Medical Journal,2017, 23(4) : 147 - 149
Nahdi I, Abdelwahed RB, Boukoum H, Bressollette-Bodin C, Attia S, Yahia SB,et al. Herpesvirus detection and cytokine levels (IL-10, IL-6, and IFN-γ)inocular fluid from Tunisian immunocompetent patients with uveitis. J MedVirol. 2013;85:2079–86.31.
Laaks D, Smit DP, Harvey J. Polymerase chain reaction to search for herpesviruses in uveitic and healthy eyes: a south African perspective [internet]. Afr Health Sci. 2015; Available from: http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ahs/article/download/121827/111288
Compston LI, Li C, Sarkodie F, Owusu-Ofori S, Opare-Sem O, Allain J-P.Prevalence of persistent and latent viruses in untreated patients infected with HIV-1 from Ghana. West Africa J Med Virol. 2009;81:1860–8
M.Cisséa,M.-M.Soumaha, M.Keïtaa,T.-M.Tounkaraa,B.-F.Dianéa,F.-B.Sako et al. La varicelle de l’adulte à Conakry (Guinée). Étude rétrospective monocentrique de 42cas. Annales de dermatologie et de vénéréologie (2014)141,782—785
Jean Claude Romaric Pingdwindé Ouédraogo, Serge Ouoba, Mamoudou Savadogo, Moussa Sawadogo, Edmond Nikiema, Hamadé Ouédraogo et al. Morbi-mortalité de la varicelle en milieu hospitalier: à propos de 19 cas colligés au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, BurkinaFaso. Pan African Medical Journal.2019;33:19.doi:10.11604/pamj.2019.33.19.17913
Thimothée Ella-Ondo, M Mimbila-Mayi, j Iba ba, B Nguéma-Edzang. Accident Vasculaire Ischémique Compliquant Une Varicelle chez un Enfant Immunocompétent. Health Sci. Dis: 2016, 17 (3) : 115-121.
Dulović O, Gvozdenović E, Nikolić J, Spurnić AR, Katanić N, Kovarević-Pavićević D. Varicella complications: is it time to consider a routine varicella vaccination? Vojnosanit Pregl. 2010;67(7):523-529.
Sungur G et al The effect of clinical severity and eyelid rash on ocular involvement in primary varicella infection. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2009 Nov-Dec;19(6):905-8.
Jessica Leung, Andrea M McCollum, Kay Radford, Christine Hughes, Adriana S Lopez , Sarah Anne J Guagliardo et al. Varicella in Tshuapa Province, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2009–2014. Trop Med Int Health. 2019 Jul;24(7):839-848.doi: 10.1111/tmi.13243. Epub 2019 May 22.
Margot Denier, Eric Gabison, Marwan Sahyoun, Marc Labetoulle, Pascal Dureau, Isabelle Cochereau, et al. Stromal Keratitis After Varicella in Children. Cornea 2020;39:680–684.
Steven Charles Quan and Dimitra Skondra. Varicella-zoster Encephalitis with Acute RetinalNecrosis and Oculomotor Nerve Palsy. Optom Vis Sci 2019;96:367–371. doi:10.1097/OPX.0000000000001370.
Jonathan Yu, Jane Ashworth, Stephen Hughes, Nicholas Jones. Varicella-zoster virus necrotising retinitis, retinal vasculitis and panuveitis following uncomplicated chickenpox in an immunocompetent child. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2017-223823