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Abstract
Voluntary screening for diabetes in Burkina Faso : Looking for slopes of prevention
Background : Africa experience a high rate of increase in diabetes. Its prevention is necessary.
Methods: We did a cross-sectional study with volunteers by interview, clinical examination, measurement of capillary glycemia and venous blood glucose if necessary.
Results: in total, 295 volunteers were recruited. The average age was 46.4 years [95% CI: 45.1-47.7] and sex ratio 0.7. There were 28.8% of civil servants, 70.5 % educated and 18.9% of cases with family history of diabetes. Mean BMI was 27.6 kg/m2 [95% CI: 26.9-28.2]; 64.1% of cases had an overweight/obesity. Average waist circumference was 91.0 cm [95% CI: 89.5-92.5]; 60.3% of the cases had abdominal obesity, 146 had hypertension (49.5%) and an abdominal obesity plus HTA in 34.6% of the cases. Only 78 (26.4%) reported regular physical activity. Capillary blood glucose average was 5.5 mmol/l [95% CI: 5.2-5.8]; 34 (17.5%) had a fasting hyperglycemia (n = 194). Only 9 (26.5%) have returned to the venous blood glucose. The latter was higher than 7 mmol at 8/9 tested, i.e. a prevalence of diabetes of 4.1% at least (n = 194).
Conclusion: the volunteers, often educated, exhibited several risk factors and a high prevalence of diabetes. The slopes of prevention could be: the strengthening of the health promotion from primary school, the involvement of health services at work, the development of urban trails for physical exercise.
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References
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- Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. janv 2010;87(1):4‑14.
- Hall V, Thomsen RW, Henriksen O, Lohse N. Diabetes in Sub Saharan Africa 1999-2011: epidemiology and public health implications. A systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:564.
- Jaffiol C. [The burden of diabetes in Africa: a major public health problem]. Bull Académie Natl Médecine. juin 2011;195(6):1239‑1253; discussion 1253‑1254.
- Mbanya JCN, Motala AA, Sobngwi E, Assah FK, Enoru ST. Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet. 26 juin 2010;375(9733):2254‑2266.
- Bahia LR, Araujo DV, Schaan BD, Dib SA, Negrato CA, Leão MPS, et al. The costs of type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatient care in the Brazilian public health system. Value Health J Int Soc Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Res. août 2011;14(5 Suppl 1):S137‑140.
- American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. In 2007. Diabetes Care. mars 2008;31(3):596‑615.
- Leive A, Xu K. Coping with out-of-pocket health payments: empirical evidence from 15 African countries. Bull World Health Organ. nov 2008;86(11):849‑856.
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- Zeba AN, Delisle HF, Renier G, Savadogo B, Baya B. The double burden of malnutrition and cardiometabolic risk widens the gender and socio-economic health gap: a study among adults in Burkina Faso (West Africa). Public Health Nutr. déc 2012;15(12):2210‑2219.
- Wierusz-Wysocka B, Zozulińska D, Knast B, Pisarczyk-Wiza D. [Appearance of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in the population of professionally active people in the urban areas]. Pol Arch Med Wewnętrznej. sept 2001;106(3):815‑821.
- Gaede P, Lund-Andersen H, Parving H-H, Pedersen O. Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 7 févr 2008;358(6):580‑591.
- Association canadienne du diabète, Comité d’experts des lignes directrices de pratique clinique. Canadian Diabetes Association 2008 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes in Canada. 2008.
- Assemblée mondiale de la santé. Résolution WHA57.17, Stratégie mondiale de l’OMS sur l’alimentation, l’exercice physique et la santé. 2004.
- Dhaliwal SS, Welborn TA, Howat PA. Recreational physical activity as an independent predictor of multivariable cardiovascular disease risk. PloS One. 2013;8(12):e83435.
References
Diabetes Atlas | International Diabetes Federation [Internet]. [cité 28 janv 2014]. Disponible sur: http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas
Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. janv 2010;87(1):4‑14.
Hall V, Thomsen RW, Henriksen O, Lohse N. Diabetes in Sub Saharan Africa 1999-2011: epidemiology and public health implications. A systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:564.
Jaffiol C. [The burden of diabetes in Africa: a major public health problem]. Bull Académie Natl Médecine. juin 2011;195(6):1239‑1253; discussion 1253‑1254.
Mbanya JCN, Motala AA, Sobngwi E, Assah FK, Enoru ST. Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet. 26 juin 2010;375(9733):2254‑2266.
Bahia LR, Araujo DV, Schaan BD, Dib SA, Negrato CA, Leão MPS, et al. The costs of type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatient care in the Brazilian public health system. Value Health J Int Soc Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Res. août 2011;14(5 Suppl 1):S137‑140.
American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. In 2007. Diabetes Care. mars 2008;31(3):596‑615.
Leive A, Xu K. Coping with out-of-pocket health payments: empirical evidence from 15 African countries. Bull World Health Organ. nov 2008;86(11):849‑856.
Kengne AP, Sobngwi E, Echouffo-Tcheugui J-B, Mbanya J-C. New insights on diabetes mellitus and obesity in Africa-Part 2: prevention, screening and economic burden. Heart Br Card Soc. août 2013;99(15):1072‑1077.
Kruk ME, Goldmann E, Galea S. Borrowing and selling to pay for health care in low- and middle-income countries. Health Aff Proj Hope. août 2009;28(4):1056‑1066.
Fédération Internationale du Diabète. Plan mondial contre le diabète 2011-2021. 2011 [Internet]. 2011 [cité 28 janv 2013]. Disponible sur: http://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/attachments/GDP_FR.pdf
Cheriyath P, Duan Y, Qian Z, Nambiar L, Liao D. Obesity, physical activity and the development of metabolic syndrome: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil Off J Eur Soc Cardiol Work Groups Epidemiol Prev Card Rehabil Exerc Physiol. juin 2010;17(3):309‑313.
Hu Y-H, Reilly KH, Liang Y-J, Xi B, Liu J-T, Xu D-J, et al. Increase in body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio is associated with high blood pressure in children and adolescents in China. J Int Med Res. 2011;39(1):23‑32.
Alberti KGMM, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 20 oct 2009;120(16):1640‑1645.
Zeba AN, Delisle HF, Renier G, Savadogo B, Baya B. The double burden of malnutrition and cardiometabolic risk widens the gender and socio-economic health gap: a study among adults in Burkina Faso (West Africa). Public Health Nutr. déc 2012;15(12):2210‑2219.
Wierusz-Wysocka B, Zozulińska D, Knast B, Pisarczyk-Wiza D. [Appearance of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in the population of professionally active people in the urban areas]. Pol Arch Med Wewnętrznej. sept 2001;106(3):815‑821.
Gaede P, Lund-Andersen H, Parving H-H, Pedersen O. Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 7 févr 2008;358(6):580‑591.
Association canadienne du diabète, Comité d’experts des lignes directrices de pratique clinique. Canadian Diabetes Association 2008 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes in Canada. 2008.
Assemblée mondiale de la santé. Résolution WHA57.17, Stratégie mondiale de l’OMS sur l’alimentation, l’exercice physique et la santé. 2004.
Dhaliwal SS, Welborn TA, Howat PA. Recreational physical activity as an independent predictor of multivariable cardiovascular disease risk. PloS One. 2013;8(12):e83435.