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RÉSUMÉ
Objectif. L’objectif de ce travail était de décrire les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire en consultation externe de cardiologie dans la région de l’Est du Burkina Faso. Patients et méthodes. Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale à visée descriptive qui s’est déroulée du janvier à juin 2022 dans la région de l’Est du Burkina Faso. Les deux grands centres médicaux ont constitué notre champ d’étude. Ont été inclus dans l’étude, les patients de plus de 15 ans, reçus en consultation de cardiologie et ayant accepté librement de participer à l’étude. Les données sociodémographiques, biomédicales et paracliniques étaient nos variables d’étude. Résultats. Parmi les 147 personnes qui ont été incluses dans l’enquête l’âge moyen était de 52,22 ans et le sex-ratio de 1,1. L’hypertension artérielle, le diabète et le tabagisme étaient retrouvés respectivement dans 85,71% ; 13,61% et 04,08% des cas. Les autres facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires étaient l’obésité (43,01%), la dyslipidémie (29,73%) et la sédentarité (70,07%). A l’électrocardiogramme une hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche était présente dans 42,36% des cas. L’échocardiographie Doppler a décrit une hypertrophie concentrique dans 32,65% des cas et montré une FEVG ˂ 50% dans 3,40 des cas. Le risque cardiovasculaire selon le score de Framingham était sévère dans 46,25% des cas, modérément sévère dans 23,80% et très sévère dans 21,08% des cas. Conclusion. La prévalence des facteurs risque cardiovasculaire est très élevée dans la région de l’Est du Burkina Faso et ces facteurs de risque sont généralement méconnus par la population.
ABSTRACT
Objective. The aim of this study was to describe cardiovascular risk factors in outpatient cardiology clinics in the eastern region of Burkina Faso. Patients and methods. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from January to June 2022 in the Eastern region of Burkina Faso. The two major medical centers constituted our field of study. Patients over 15 years of age who attended a cardiology consultation and voluntarily agreed to take part in the study were included. Sociodemographic, biomedical and paraclinical data were our study variables. Results. Among the 147 people who were included in the survey, the mean age was 52.22 years and the sex ratio 1.1. Hypertension, diabetes and smoking were found in 85.71%, 13.61% and 04.08% of cases respectively. Other cardiovascular risk factors were obesity (43.01%), dyslipidemia (29.73%) and sedentary lifestyle (70.07%). On electrocardiogram, left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 42.36% of cases. Doppler echocardiography described concentric hypertrophy in 32.65% of cases and showed an LVEF ˂ 50% in 3.40 of cases. Cardiovascular risk according to the Framingham score was severe in 46.25% of cases, moderately severe in 23.80% and very severe in 21.08%. Conclusion. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is very high in the eastern region of Burkina Faso, and these risk factors are generally unknown to the population.
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References
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- Hertz RP, Unger AN, Ferrario CM. Diabetes, Hypertension, and Dyslipidemia in Mexican Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites. Am J Prev Med. 2006;30(2):103 10.
- Herpin D. L’hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche d’origine hypertensive : notions classiques et données récentes. Rev Médecine Interne 1994;15(1):30 6.
- De Ruijter W, Westendorp RGJ, Assendelft WJJ, Den Elzen WPJ, De Craen AJM, Le Cessie S, et al. Use of Framingham risk score and new biomarkers to predict cardiovascular mortality in older people: population based observational cohort study. BMJ. 2009;338(jan08 2):a3083 a3083.
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References
Guilbert JJ. The world health report 2002 - reducing risks, promoting healthy life. Educ Health Abingdon Engl. 2003;16(2):230.
Pessinaba S, Mbaye A, Yabéta GAD, Harouna H, Sib AE, Kane AD, et al. Enquête de prévalence des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire en population générale à Saint-Louis (Sénégal). Ann Cardiol Angéiologie 2013;62(4):253 8.
Elasmi M, Feki M, Sanhaji H, Jemaa R, Haj Taeib S, Omar S, et al. Prévalence des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires conventionnels dans la population du Grand Tunis. Rev DÉpidémiologie Santé Publique 2009;57(2):87 92.
Cisse K, Samadoulougou S, Kouanda S, Kirakoya-Samadoulougou F. Clustering de quatre facteurs majeurs de risque cardiovasculaire chez les adultes au Burkina Faso. Santé Publique. Laxou: S.F.S.P.; 2022;34(HS1):8a 8a.
Scheen AJ. COMMENT J’EXPLORE... le risque cardio-vasculaire absolu à 10 ans : de Framingham 1998 à SCORE 2003. Rev Med Liege 2004; 59 : 7-8 : 460-466.
Yahia-Berrouiguet A, Benyoucef M, Meguenni K, Brouri M. Enquête sur la prévalence des facteurs de risque de maladies cardiovasculaires à Tlemcen (Algérie). Médecine Mal Métaboliques. 2011;5(4):42 8.
Pessinaba S, Mbaye A, Yabeta G-A-D, Ndao CT, Harouna H, Diagne D, et al. Prevalence and determinants of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk factors: data from a population-based, cross-sectional survey in Saint Louis, Senegal: cardiovascular topics. Cardiovasc J Afr. Clinics Cardive Publishing; 2013;24(5):180 3.
Nejjari C, Arharbi M, Chentir M-T, Boujnah R, Kemmou O, Megdiche H, et al. Epidemiological Trial of Hypertension in North Africa (ETHNA): an international multicentre study in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. J Hypertens .2013;31(1):49. n_north.11.aspx
Benjamin EJ, Muntner P, Alonso A, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;139(10):e56 528.
Marijon E, Trinquart L, Jani D, Jourdier H, Garbarz E, Mocumbi AO, et al. Coronary heart disease and associated risk factors in sub-Saharan Africans. J Hum Hypertens. Nature Publishing Group; 2007 21(5):411 4.
Séré L, Tiéno H, Yanogo D, Traoré S, Nagabila Y, Ouédraogo DD, et al. Prévalence du Diabète et Facteurs de Risque Cardiovasculaire Associés dans une Population Rurale au Burkina Faso. Meédecine Trop Santeé Int 2021;1(1):B1J8-7K63.
Rahman Al-Nuaim A. High prevalence of metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among Saudi population, aged 30–64 years. Int J Cardiol. 1997;62(3):227 35.
Abdella N, Al Arouj M, Al Nakhi A, Al Assoussi A, Moussa M. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes in Kuwait: prevalence rates and associated risk factors1. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1998 ;42(3):187 96.
Mamy andriatsarafara , Vololonarivelo Cynthia, Randriamandimbison Bruno, Andriantoky Hortense, Rajaonarison Justin, Ranjalahy Rasolofomanana (2015). - Risky Behaviours: Alcohol, Smoking, Drug Use and Sexuality among High School Students in the Urban District of Antananarivo - British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 2015; 9 (3). pp. 195-205
Fakhfakh R, Hsairi M, Maalej M, Achour N. et et Taoufik Nacef Tabagisme en Tunisie : comportements et connaissances. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2002, 80(5): 350–356.
Al Othaimeen AI, Al Nozha M, Osman AK. Obesity: an emerging problem in Saudi Arabia. Analysis of data from the National Nutrition Survey. EMHJ - East Mediterr Health J 13 2 441-448 2007;
Fouad MF, Rastam S, Ward KD, Maziak W. Prevalence of obesity and its associated factors in Aleppo, Syria. Prev Control 2006;2(2):85 94.
Harzallah F, Alberti H, Ben Khalifa F. The metabolic syndrome in an Arab population: a first look at the new International Diabetes Federation criteria. Diabet Med. 2006;23(4):441 4.
Rguibi M, Belahsen R. Overweight and Obesity Among Urban Sahraoui Women of South Morocco. Ethn Dis. Ethnicity & Disease, Inc.; 2004;14(4):542 7.
Lorenzo C, Williams K, Hunt KJ, Haffner SM. The National Cholesterol Education Program–Adult Treatment Panel III, International Diabetes Federation, and World Health Organization Definitions of the Metabolic Syndrome as Predictors of Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007;30(1):8 13.
Castell C, Tresserras R, Serra J, Goday A, Lloveras G, Salleras L. Prevalence of diabetes in Catalonia (Spain): an oral glucose tolerance test-based population study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1999;43(1):33 40.
Hertz RP, Unger AN, Ferrario CM. Diabetes, Hypertension, and Dyslipidemia in Mexican Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites. Am J Prev Med. 2006;30(2):103 10.
Herpin D. L’hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche d’origine hypertensive : notions classiques et données récentes. Rev Médecine Interne 1994;15(1):30 6.
De Ruijter W, Westendorp RGJ, Assendelft WJJ, Den Elzen WPJ, De Craen AJM, Le Cessie S, et al. Use of Framingham risk score and new biomarkers to predict cardiovascular mortality in older people: population based observational cohort study. BMJ. 2009;338(jan08 2):a3083 a3083.
Liu J, Hong Y, D’Agostino S Ralph B, Wu Z, Wang W, Sun J, et al. Predictive Value for the Chinese Population of the Framingham CHD Risk Assessment Tool Compared With the Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study. JAMA 2004;291(21):2591 9.
Marrugat J, D’Agostino R, Sullivan L, Elosua R, Wilson P, Ordovas J, et al. An adaptation of the Framingham coronary heart disease risk function to European Mediterranean areas. J Epidemiol Community Health. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd; 2003;57(8):634 8.
Liu J, Hong Y, D’Agostino S Ralph B, Wu Z, Wang W, Sun J, et al. Predictive Value for the Chinese Population of the Framingham CHD Risk Assessment Tool Compared With the Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study. JAMA juin 2004;291(21):2591 9.