Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
RÉSUMÉ
Objectifs. Le but de ce travail était de décrire les caractéristiques épidémiologiques, cliniques et anatomopathologiques de la maladie de Kaposi chez l’enfant à Yaoundé. Matériels et méthodes. Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive et prospective sur 13 cas de sarcome de Kaposi chez l’enfant à Yaoundé. Résultats. L’âge moyen était de 5,6 ans ± 3,25 sans différence significative de sexe. Les enfants en bas âges (2-4 ans) étaient les plus représentés. Les adénopathies étaient le signe clinique prédominant. La sérologie VIH positive était fréquemment observée dans la population d’étude. La coloration de Perls était positive dans 53,8 % des cas. Les anticorps CD31, CD34 étaient positif à 92,3%. L’anticorps HHV8 a été exprimé à 84,6%. Conclusion. Le sarcome de Kaposi est une pathologie relativement peu fréquente chez les enfants dans notre contexte. L’infection à VIH est un facteur favorisant. Sur le plan clinique, la localisation ganglionnaire est la plus fréquente contrairement à l’adulte. La forte positivité des immunomarquages dans notre série conforte notre diagnostic.
ABSTRACT
Objectives. The aim of this work was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological characteristics of Kaposi’s sarcoma in children. Material and methods. It was about a descriptive and prospective cross-sectional study on 13 cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma. Results. The average age was 5,6 years old±3,25 with no significant difference. Young children (2-4 years old) was the most common. Lymphadenopathy was the predominant clinical sign. HIV positive serology was frequently observed in the study population. Perls staining was positive in 53,8% of cases. CD31 and CD34 antibodies were positive in 92,3% of cases. The HHV-8 antibody was expressed at 84,6%. Conclusion. Kaposi’s sarcoma is a relatively infrequent pathology in children in our setting. HIV infection is a contributing factor. Clinically, the lymph node location was the most common unlike in adults. The strong positivity of immunostaining confirms our diagnosis.
Keywords
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
- Cesarman E, Damania B, Krown SE, Martin J, Bower M, Whitby D. Kaposi sarcoma. Nat Rev Dis Primer. 2019;5.
- Schneider JW, Dittmer DP. Diagnosis and Treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma. Am J Clin Dermatol. août 2017;18:529-39.
- Stiller CA, Trama A, Brewster DH, Verne J, Bouchardy C, Navarro C, et al. Descriptive epidemiology of Kaposi sarcoma in Europe. Report from the RARECARE project. Cancer Epidemiol. déc 2014;38:670-8.
- Semeere A, Wenger M, Busakhala N, Buziba N, Bwana M, Muyindike W, et al. A prospective ascertainment of cancer incidence in sub Saharan Africa: The case of Kaposi sarcoma. Cancer Med. mai 2016;5:914-28.
- Vangipuram R, Tyring SK. Epidemiology of Kaposi sarcoma: review and description of the nonepidemic variant. Int J Dermatol. mai 2019;58:538-42.
- Philibert P, Chiche L, Caillères S, Allemand J, Rebaudet S, Delord M, et al. HHV8 and Kaposi’s sarcoma: should we really give up protease inhibitors in all HIV-infected patients? AIDS. 24 sept 2017;31:2167-9.
- Iftode N, Rădulescu MA, Aramă Ștefan S, Aramă V. Update on Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV8) – review. Rom J Intern Med. 1 2020;58:199‑208.
- El-Mallawany NK, McAtee CL, Campbell LR, Kazembe PN. Pediatric Kaposi sarcoma in context of the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa: current perspectives. Pediatr Health Med Ther. avr 2018; 9:35-46.
- Gantt S, Kakuru A, Wald A, Walusansa V, Corey L, Casper C, et al. Clinical presentation and outcome of epidemic Kaposi sarcoma in Ugandan children: Epidemic KS in Children. Pediatr Blood Cancer.2010;54:670-4.
- Asuquo M, Ogunkeyede A, Bassey E, Ebughe G. Kaposi sarcoma: Changing trend in Calabar, south eastern Nigeria. Ann Afr Med. 2008;7:98.
- Amir H, Kaaya E, Manji K, Kwesigabo G, Biberfeld P. Kaposi’s sarcoma before and during a human immunodeficiency virus epidemic in Tanzanian children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001;20:518-21.
- Ndiaye M, Diop A, Berthé S, Diallo M, Mjahed S, Ahy Diatta B. Maladie de Kaposi endémique à Dakar: étude de 29 cas. Mali Med. 2014;10-3.
- Cairncross LL, Davidson A, Millar AJW, Pillay K. Kaposi sarcoma in children with HIV: a clinical series from Red Cross Children’s Hospital. J Pediatr Surg. févr 2009;44:373‑6.
- De Bruin GP, Stefan DC. Children with Kaposi Sarcoma in Two Southern African Hospitals: Clinical Presentation, Management, and Outcome. J Trop Med. 2013;2013:1-6.
- Forae GD, Obaseki DE. Trends and Histopathological Patterns of Kaposi Sarcoma at The University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Oman Med J. 15 juill 2018;33:337-41.
- Wu X-J, Pu X-M, Kang X-J, Halifu Y, An C-X, Zhang D-Z, et al. One hundred and five Kaposi sarcoma patients: a clinical study in Xinjiang, Northwest of China. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. nov 2014;28:1545-52.
- Errihani H, Berrada N, Raissouni S, Rais F, Mrabti H, Rais G. Classic Kaposi’s sarcoma in morocco: clinico -epidemiological study at the national institute of oncology. BMC Dermatol.2011 ;11.
- Royse KE, El Chaer F, Amirian ES, Hartman C, Krown SE, Uldrick TS, et al. Disparities in Kaposi sarcoma incidence and survival in the United States: 2000-2013. Cai Q, éditeur. PLOS ONE. 2017;12:e0182750.
- Kumar V, Soni P, Garg M, Hashmi A, Chandra A. Racial disparities in incidence & survival of Kaposi’s sarcoma in the United States. Indian J Med Res. 2019;149:354.
- Godbole S, Ghate M, Mehendale S. Understanding racial diversities in Kaposi’s sarcoma. Indian J Med Res. 2019;149:319.
- Stefan DC, Stones DK, Wainwright L, Newton R. Kaposi sarcoma in South African children: Kaposi Sarcoma in South African Children. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2011;56:392-6.
- Rees CA, Keating EM, Lukolyo H, Danysh HE, Scheurer ME, Mehta PS, et al. Mapping the Epidemiology of Kaposi Sarcoma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Among Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review: Pediatric HIV-Related Malignancies in Africa. Pediatr Blood Cancer. août 2016;63:1325-31.
- Kalubula M. Epidemiology of Kaposi’s sarcoma in Zambia, 2007 - 2014. Malawi Med J. 30 2020;32:74-9.
- Yazici S, Zorlu O, Bulbul Baskan E, Balaban Adim S, Aydogan K, Saricaoglu H. Retrospective Analysis of 91 Kaposi’s Sarcoma Cases: A Single-Center Experience and Review of the Literature. Dermatology. 2018;234:205-13.
- Yamashita J, Valente N, Nagasse I, Michalany N. Intérêt de la coloration de Perls dans le diagnostic histologique du sarcome de Kaposi. Ann Pathol. 1995;15:115-8.
- Darré T, Amégbor K, Omorou M, Bissa H, Pegbessou E, Amana B, et al. Évaluation de l’apport de l’immunohistochimie dans le diagnostic des angiosarcomes. J Afr Cancer Afr J Cancer. 2013;5:37-41.
- Agaimy A, Mueller SK, Harrer T, Bauer S, Thompson LDR. Head and Neck Kaposi Sarcoma: Clinicopathological Analysis of 11 Cases. Head Neck Pathol. 2018;1:511-6.
- Unlu Y, Bayramoglu Z. Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of The Patients with Kaposi Sarcoma: A Single Center Study. Selcuk Tip Derg. 2020;2:96-100.
- Jang K, Chi D, Choi J, Sung K, Moon K, Koh J. Kaposi’s sarcoma: a clinico-pathological study of 8 patients. Korean J Dermatol. 2000;38:59-66.
- Meis-Kindblom JM, Kindblom L-G. Angiosarcoma of soft tissue: a study of 80 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998;22:683-97.
- Butler LM, Dorsey G, Hladik W, Rosenthal PJ, Brander C, Neilands TB, et al. Kaposi Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) Seroprevalence in Population‐Based Samples of African Children: Evidence for At Least 2 Patterns of KSHV Transmission. J Infect Dis. 2009;200:430-8.
- Catrina AM, Borze I, Guled M, Costache M, Leen G, Sajin M, et al. MicroRNA Expression Profiles in Kaposi’s Sarcoma. Pathol Oncol Res. janv 2014;20:153‑9.
- Hbid O, Belloul L, Fajali N, Ismaili N, Duprez R, Tanguy M, et al. Kaposi’s sarcoma in Morocco: a pathological study with immunostaining for human herpesvirus-8 LNA-1. Pathology (Phila). 2005;37:288-95.
- Crabtree KL, Wojcicki JM, Minhas V, Kankasa C, Mitchell C, Wood C. Association of Household Food- and Drink-Sharing Practices With Human Herpesvirus 8 Seroconversion in a Cohort of Zambian Children. J Infect Dis. 2017;216:842-9.
- Njiki B, Ndom P, Mupang L, Agokeng D. Séroprévalence du virus de l’herpès humain 8 chez des patients VIH positif à l’hôpital général de Yaoundé-Cameroun. Pan Afr Med J. 2015;20:69.
- Adjei AA, Armah HB, Gbagbo F, Boamah I, Adu-Gyamfi C, Asare I. Seroprevalence of HHV-8, CMV, and EBV among the general population in Ghana, West Africa. BMC Infect Dis. 2008;8.
- El Kassimi B, Benchemsi N, Mikou O, El Ouazzani T, Lakhdar H. Maladie de Kaposi et anticorps anti-herpès virus-8 au Maroc. Médecine Mal Infect. 2003;33:226-8.
References
Cesarman E, Damania B, Krown SE, Martin J, Bower M, Whitby D. Kaposi sarcoma. Nat Rev Dis Primer. 2019;5.
Schneider JW, Dittmer DP. Diagnosis and Treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma. Am J Clin Dermatol. août 2017;18:529-39.
Stiller CA, Trama A, Brewster DH, Verne J, Bouchardy C, Navarro C, et al. Descriptive epidemiology of Kaposi sarcoma in Europe. Report from the RARECARE project. Cancer Epidemiol. déc 2014;38:670-8.
Semeere A, Wenger M, Busakhala N, Buziba N, Bwana M, Muyindike W, et al. A prospective ascertainment of cancer incidence in sub Saharan Africa: The case of Kaposi sarcoma. Cancer Med. mai 2016;5:914-28.
Vangipuram R, Tyring SK. Epidemiology of Kaposi sarcoma: review and description of the nonepidemic variant. Int J Dermatol. mai 2019;58:538-42.
Philibert P, Chiche L, Caillères S, Allemand J, Rebaudet S, Delord M, et al. HHV8 and Kaposi’s sarcoma: should we really give up protease inhibitors in all HIV-infected patients? AIDS. 24 sept 2017;31:2167-9.
Iftode N, Rădulescu MA, Aramă Ștefan S, Aramă V. Update on Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV8) – review. Rom J Intern Med. 1 2020;58:199‑208.
El-Mallawany NK, McAtee CL, Campbell LR, Kazembe PN. Pediatric Kaposi sarcoma in context of the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa: current perspectives. Pediatr Health Med Ther. avr 2018; 9:35-46.
Gantt S, Kakuru A, Wald A, Walusansa V, Corey L, Casper C, et al. Clinical presentation and outcome of epidemic Kaposi sarcoma in Ugandan children: Epidemic KS in Children. Pediatr Blood Cancer.2010;54:670-4.
Asuquo M, Ogunkeyede A, Bassey E, Ebughe G. Kaposi sarcoma: Changing trend in Calabar, south eastern Nigeria. Ann Afr Med. 2008;7:98.
Amir H, Kaaya E, Manji K, Kwesigabo G, Biberfeld P. Kaposi’s sarcoma before and during a human immunodeficiency virus epidemic in Tanzanian children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001;20:518-21.
Ndiaye M, Diop A, Berthé S, Diallo M, Mjahed S, Ahy Diatta B. Maladie de Kaposi endémique à Dakar: étude de 29 cas. Mali Med. 2014;10-3.
Cairncross LL, Davidson A, Millar AJW, Pillay K. Kaposi sarcoma in children with HIV: a clinical series from Red Cross Children’s Hospital. J Pediatr Surg. févr 2009;44:373‑6.
De Bruin GP, Stefan DC. Children with Kaposi Sarcoma in Two Southern African Hospitals: Clinical Presentation, Management, and Outcome. J Trop Med. 2013;2013:1-6.
Forae GD, Obaseki DE. Trends and Histopathological Patterns of Kaposi Sarcoma at The University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Oman Med J. 15 juill 2018;33:337-41.
Wu X-J, Pu X-M, Kang X-J, Halifu Y, An C-X, Zhang D-Z, et al. One hundred and five Kaposi sarcoma patients: a clinical study in Xinjiang, Northwest of China. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. nov 2014;28:1545-52.
Errihani H, Berrada N, Raissouni S, Rais F, Mrabti H, Rais G. Classic Kaposi’s sarcoma in morocco: clinico -epidemiological study at the national institute of oncology. BMC Dermatol.2011 ;11.
Royse KE, El Chaer F, Amirian ES, Hartman C, Krown SE, Uldrick TS, et al. Disparities in Kaposi sarcoma incidence and survival in the United States: 2000-2013. Cai Q, éditeur. PLOS ONE. 2017;12:e0182750.
Kumar V, Soni P, Garg M, Hashmi A, Chandra A. Racial disparities in incidence & survival of Kaposi’s sarcoma in the United States. Indian J Med Res. 2019;149:354.
Godbole S, Ghate M, Mehendale S. Understanding racial diversities in Kaposi’s sarcoma. Indian J Med Res. 2019;149:319.
Stefan DC, Stones DK, Wainwright L, Newton R. Kaposi sarcoma in South African children: Kaposi Sarcoma in South African Children. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2011;56:392-6.
Rees CA, Keating EM, Lukolyo H, Danysh HE, Scheurer ME, Mehta PS, et al. Mapping the Epidemiology of Kaposi Sarcoma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Among Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review: Pediatric HIV-Related Malignancies in Africa. Pediatr Blood Cancer. août 2016;63:1325-31.
Kalubula M. Epidemiology of Kaposi’s sarcoma in Zambia, 2007 - 2014. Malawi Med J. 30 2020;32:74-9.
Yazici S, Zorlu O, Bulbul Baskan E, Balaban Adim S, Aydogan K, Saricaoglu H. Retrospective Analysis of 91 Kaposi’s Sarcoma Cases: A Single-Center Experience and Review of the Literature. Dermatology. 2018;234:205-13.
Yamashita J, Valente N, Nagasse I, Michalany N. Intérêt de la coloration de Perls dans le diagnostic histologique du sarcome de Kaposi. Ann Pathol. 1995;15:115-8.
Darré T, Amégbor K, Omorou M, Bissa H, Pegbessou E, Amana B, et al. Évaluation de l’apport de l’immunohistochimie dans le diagnostic des angiosarcomes. J Afr Cancer Afr J Cancer. 2013;5:37-41.
Agaimy A, Mueller SK, Harrer T, Bauer S, Thompson LDR. Head and Neck Kaposi Sarcoma: Clinicopathological Analysis of 11 Cases. Head Neck Pathol. 2018;1:511-6.
Unlu Y, Bayramoglu Z. Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of The Patients with Kaposi Sarcoma: A Single Center Study. Selcuk Tip Derg. 2020;2:96-100.
Jang K, Chi D, Choi J, Sung K, Moon K, Koh J. Kaposi’s sarcoma: a clinico-pathological study of 8 patients. Korean J Dermatol. 2000;38:59-66.
Meis-Kindblom JM, Kindblom L-G. Angiosarcoma of soft tissue: a study of 80 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998;22:683-97.
Butler LM, Dorsey G, Hladik W, Rosenthal PJ, Brander C, Neilands TB, et al. Kaposi Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) Seroprevalence in Population‐Based Samples of African Children: Evidence for At Least 2 Patterns of KSHV Transmission. J Infect Dis. 2009;200:430-8.
Catrina AM, Borze I, Guled M, Costache M, Leen G, Sajin M, et al. MicroRNA Expression Profiles in Kaposi’s Sarcoma. Pathol Oncol Res. janv 2014;20:153‑9.
Hbid O, Belloul L, Fajali N, Ismaili N, Duprez R, Tanguy M, et al. Kaposi’s sarcoma in Morocco: a pathological study with immunostaining for human herpesvirus-8 LNA-1. Pathology (Phila). 2005;37:288-95.
Crabtree KL, Wojcicki JM, Minhas V, Kankasa C, Mitchell C, Wood C. Association of Household Food- and Drink-Sharing Practices With Human Herpesvirus 8 Seroconversion in a Cohort of Zambian Children. J Infect Dis. 2017;216:842-9.
Njiki B, Ndom P, Mupang L, Agokeng D. Séroprévalence du virus de l’herpès humain 8 chez des patients VIH positif à l’hôpital général de Yaoundé-Cameroun. Pan Afr Med J. 2015;20:69.
Adjei AA, Armah HB, Gbagbo F, Boamah I, Adu-Gyamfi C, Asare I. Seroprevalence of HHV-8, CMV, and EBV among the general population in Ghana, West Africa. BMC Infect Dis. 2008;8.
El Kassimi B, Benchemsi N, Mikou O, El Ouazzani T, Lakhdar H. Maladie de Kaposi et anticorps anti-herpès virus-8 au Maroc. Médecine Mal Infect. 2003;33:226-8.