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ABSTRACT
Background. Skin disorders are a major health problem affecting children as well as adults and causing distress and disability. Despite its high prevalence, it has been given little attention and has not been regarded as a significant problem that could benefit from public health solutions. Skin disorders are common in the adolescents; their impact on the quality of life can be enormous, particularly when considering the visibility of skin diseases and the psychologically vulnerable period of adolescence. The objective of the study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical profiles of skin disorders among adolescents living in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methods: We carried-out a cross-sectional observational study among adolescents registered in two boarding schools in Yaoundé. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on the sociodemographic background and relevant past-history. Thereafter, a whole-body examination was conducted by a dermatologist to determine the presence and types of skin disorders, if any.. Results. A total of 265 adolescents were included in the study among whom 191 (72.1%) females. The mean age was 15.02 ± 2.017 years. The prevalence of skin disorders was 75.5% and higher in females (81.2%) than in males (60.8%). Acne was the most common but was more common among older adolescents (62.7%). Skin bleaching was common and associated with skin disorders (p=0.001). Conclusion. Skin disorders affect three quarter of the adolescent population in this study, with acne being the most common disorder. Skin bleaching seems to be is a common practise among these adolescents, and may significantly increase the burden in this young population.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction : Les pathologies dermatologiques sont un problème de santé majeur chez les enfants comme les adultes. Leur impact sur la qualité de vie peut être important surtout de par leur caractère affichant et la période de vulnérabilité psychologique qu'est l'adolescence. L’objectif de notre étude était de décrire les profils épidémiologiques et cliniques des dermatoses chez des adolescents. Matériels et méthodes : Nous avons réalisé une étude transversale prospective dans deux internats de Yaoundé au Cameroun. Un questionnaire auto-administré a été utilisé pour recueillir des informations sociodémographiques et l’examen physique a été réalisé à la rechercher des lésions cutanées. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide du logiciel SPSS version 23. Une valeur P < 0,05 a été considérée comme statistiquement significative. Résultats : 265 adolescents ont été inclus, 191 (72,1%) étaient de sexe féminin. L'âge moyen était de 15,02 ± 2,017 ans. La prévalence des dermatoses était de 75,5 % ; elle était plus élevée chez les filles (81,2 %) que chez les garçons (60,8 %). L'acné était la pathologie la plus fréquente surtout chez les adolescents les plus âgés (62,7%). La dépigmentation volontaire était fréquente et associée significativement aux dermatoses (p=0,001). Conclusion : Les dermatoses affectent trois quarts de la population adolescente dans cette étude, l'acné étant la plus fréquente. La dépigmentation volontaire qui semble être une pratique courante chez ces adolescents augmente de manière significative la morbidité dans cette jeune population.
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References
- Divya Seth, AB Khatiya Cheldize, BA, Danielle Brown, MD, PhD. Esther F. Freeman, MD. Global Burden of Skin Disease: Inequities and Innovations. Curr Dermatol Rep. 2017 Sep; 6(3): 204-210.
- Rahamathulla MP. Prevalence of skin disorders and associated socio-economic factors among primary school children in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia. JPMA J Pak Med Assoc. 2019 Aug;69(8):1175–80.
- Kawshar T, Rajesh J. Sociodemographic factors and their association to prevalence of skin diseases among adolescents. Our Dermatol Online. 2013 Jul 9;4(3):281–6.
- Dlova NC, Mankahla A, Madala N, Grobler A, Tsoka-Gwegweni J, Hift RJ. The spectrum of skin diseases in a black population in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Int J Dermatol. 2015 Mar;54(3):279–85.
- Ayanlowo O, Puddicombe O, Gold-Olufadi S. Pattern of skin diseases amongst children attending a dermatology clinic in Lagos, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J. 2018;29:162.
- Henshaw EB, Olasode OA, Ogedegbe EE, Etuk I. Dermatologic conditions in teenage adolescents in Nigeria. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2014 May 27;5:79–87.
- ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jul 8]. Available from: https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en
- Griffiths C, Barker J, Bleiker TO, Chalmers R, Creamer D. Rook’s Textbook of Dermatology. Wiley; 2016. 4340 p.
- Ogunbiyi AΟ, Omigbodun Y, Owoaje E. Prevalence of skin disorders in school children in southwest Nigeria. Int J Adolesc Med Health [Internet]. 2009 Jun [cited 2019 Nov23];21(2).Availablefrom:http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijamh.2009.21.2/ijamh.209.21.2.235/ijamh.2009.21.2.235.xml
- Yamamah GA, Emam HM, Abdelhamid MF, Elsaie ML, Shehata H, Farid T, Kamel MI, Taalat AA. Epidemiologic study of dermatologic disorders among children in South Sinai, Egypt. Int J Dermatol. 2012;51(10):1180–5.
- Uludağ A, Kılıc SO, Isık S, Haydar Ertekin Y, Tekin M, Cevizci S, Ogretmen Z, Topaloglu N, Sahin EM, Cıbık B. Prevalence of skin disorders in primary and secondary school age children in Canakkale, Turkey: a community-based survey. Adv Dermatol Allergol Dermatol Alergol. 2016 Jun;33(3):176–81.
- Komba EV, Mgonda YM. The spectrum of dermatological disorders among primary school children in Dar es Salaam. BMC Public Health. 2010 Dec 16;10(1):765.
- Freyre EA, Rebaza RM, Sami DA, Lozada CP. The prevalence of facial acne in Peruvian adolescents and its relation to their ethnicity. J Adolesc Health. 1998 Jun 1;22(6):480–4.
- Onayemi O, Aghanwa HS, Soyinka F, Morakinyo O. A descriptive cross-sectional survey of prevalence, knowledge and perceptions of acne vulgaris among secondary school students in Nigeria. Niger Med Pract. 2005;48(3):73–6.
- Bagatin E, Timpano DL, Guadanhim LR dos S, Nogueira VMA, Terzian LR, Steiner D, Florez M, Bagatin E, Timpano DL, Guadanhim LR dos S, Nogueira VMA, Terzian LR, Steiner D, Florez M. Acne vulgaris: prevalence and clinical forms in adolescents from São Paulo, Brazil. An Bras Dermatol. 2014 Jun;89(3):428–35.
- Karciauskiene J, Valiukeviciene S, Gollnick H, Stang A. The prevalence and risk factors of adolescent acne among schoolchildren in Lithuania: a cross-sectional study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014;28(6):733–40.
- Naveed M, Bashir DS, Khalid S, Qamar S, Shahid M, Waseem H. Risk Factors of Acne Vulgaris among Young Females. 2020;2:7.
- Hanisah A, Omar K, Azhar Shah S. Prevalence of acne and its impact on the quality of life in school-agedadolescents in Malaysia. J Prim Health Care. 2009;1(1):20.
- Henshaw EB, Olasode OA. Prevalence of skin infections, infestations, and papular urticaria among adolescents in secondary schools in Calabar, Nigeria. Ghana Med J. 2019;53(4):287–93.
- El-Hefnawi H, El-Gothamy Z, Refai M. Studies on Pityriasis Versicolor in Egypt:: I. Incidence. Mycoses. 2009 Apr 24;14(5):225–31.
- Zoung-Kanyi Bissek AC, Chaby G, N. Tabah E, Kouotou E, Y. Fonsah J, Lok C, K. Njamnshi A, Koueke P, F. T. Muna W. Skin Care Habits of Dermatology Patients in Yaounde - Cameroon. Open Dermatol J [Internet]. 2011 Sep 15 [cited 2020 Jul 4];5(1). Available from: https://benthamopen.com/ABSTRACT/TODJ-5-15
- I W, A T-D, Of D, M B, K T, I D. [Prevalence of the use of skin bleaching cosmetics in two areas in Dakar (Sénégal)]. Dakar Med. 2000 Jan 1;45(2):154–7.
- Atadokpédé F, Adégbidi H, Koudoukpo C, Téclessou J, Aholoukpé C, Degboé B, Ango-Padonou F do, Yedomon H. Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Skin Bleaching in Secondary School in Bohicon, Benin. J Cosmet Dermatol Sci Appl. 2015;05(01):1–6.
References
Divya Seth, AB Khatiya Cheldize, BA, Danielle Brown, MD, PhD. Esther F. Freeman, MD. Global Burden of Skin Disease: Inequities and Innovations. Curr Dermatol Rep. 2017 Sep; 6(3): 204-210.
Rahamathulla MP. Prevalence of skin disorders and associated socio-economic factors among primary school children in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia. JPMA J Pak Med Assoc. 2019 Aug;69(8):1175–80.
Kawshar T, Rajesh J. Sociodemographic factors and their association to prevalence of skin diseases among adolescents. Our Dermatol Online. 2013 Jul 9;4(3):281–6.
Dlova NC, Mankahla A, Madala N, Grobler A, Tsoka-Gwegweni J, Hift RJ. The spectrum of skin diseases in a black population in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Int J Dermatol. 2015 Mar;54(3):279–85.
Ayanlowo O, Puddicombe O, Gold-Olufadi S. Pattern of skin diseases amongst children attending a dermatology clinic in Lagos, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J. 2018;29:162.
Henshaw EB, Olasode OA, Ogedegbe EE, Etuk I. Dermatologic conditions in teenage adolescents in Nigeria. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2014 May 27;5:79–87.
ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jul 8]. Available from: https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en
Griffiths C, Barker J, Bleiker TO, Chalmers R, Creamer D. Rook’s Textbook of Dermatology. Wiley; 2016. 4340 p.
Ogunbiyi AΟ, Omigbodun Y, Owoaje E. Prevalence of skin disorders in school children in southwest Nigeria. Int J Adolesc Med Health [Internet]. 2009 Jun [cited 2019 Nov23];21(2).Availablefrom:http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijamh.2009.21.2/ijamh.209.21.2.235/ijamh.2009.21.2.235.xml
Yamamah GA, Emam HM, Abdelhamid MF, Elsaie ML, Shehata H, Farid T, Kamel MI, Taalat AA. Epidemiologic study of dermatologic disorders among children in South Sinai, Egypt. Int J Dermatol. 2012;51(10):1180–5.
Uludağ A, Kılıc SO, Isık S, Haydar Ertekin Y, Tekin M, Cevizci S, Ogretmen Z, Topaloglu N, Sahin EM, Cıbık B. Prevalence of skin disorders in primary and secondary school age children in Canakkale, Turkey: a community-based survey. Adv Dermatol Allergol Dermatol Alergol. 2016 Jun;33(3):176–81.
Komba EV, Mgonda YM. The spectrum of dermatological disorders among primary school children in Dar es Salaam. BMC Public Health. 2010 Dec 16;10(1):765.
Freyre EA, Rebaza RM, Sami DA, Lozada CP. The prevalence of facial acne in Peruvian adolescents and its relation to their ethnicity. J Adolesc Health. 1998 Jun 1;22(6):480–4.
Onayemi O, Aghanwa HS, Soyinka F, Morakinyo O. A descriptive cross-sectional survey of prevalence, knowledge and perceptions of acne vulgaris among secondary school students in Nigeria. Niger Med Pract. 2005;48(3):73–6.
Bagatin E, Timpano DL, Guadanhim LR dos S, Nogueira VMA, Terzian LR, Steiner D, Florez M, Bagatin E, Timpano DL, Guadanhim LR dos S, Nogueira VMA, Terzian LR, Steiner D, Florez M. Acne vulgaris: prevalence and clinical forms in adolescents from São Paulo, Brazil. An Bras Dermatol. 2014 Jun;89(3):428–35.
Karciauskiene J, Valiukeviciene S, Gollnick H, Stang A. The prevalence and risk factors of adolescent acne among schoolchildren in Lithuania: a cross-sectional study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014;28(6):733–40.
Naveed M, Bashir DS, Khalid S, Qamar S, Shahid M, Waseem H. Risk Factors of Acne Vulgaris among Young Females. 2020;2:7.
Hanisah A, Omar K, Azhar Shah S. Prevalence of acne and its impact on the quality of life in school-agedadolescents in Malaysia. J Prim Health Care. 2009;1(1):20.
Henshaw EB, Olasode OA. Prevalence of skin infections, infestations, and papular urticaria among adolescents in secondary schools in Calabar, Nigeria. Ghana Med J. 2019;53(4):287–93.
El-Hefnawi H, El-Gothamy Z, Refai M. Studies on Pityriasis Versicolor in Egypt:: I. Incidence. Mycoses. 2009 Apr 24;14(5):225–31.
Zoung-Kanyi Bissek AC, Chaby G, N. Tabah E, Kouotou E, Y. Fonsah J, Lok C, K. Njamnshi A, Koueke P, F. T. Muna W. Skin Care Habits of Dermatology Patients in Yaounde - Cameroon. Open Dermatol J [Internet]. 2011 Sep 15 [cited 2020 Jul 4];5(1). Available from: https://benthamopen.com/ABSTRACT/TODJ-5-15
I W, A T-D, Of D, M B, K T, I D. [Prevalence of the use of skin bleaching cosmetics in two areas in Dakar (Sénégal)]. Dakar Med. 2000 Jan 1;45(2):154–7.
Atadokpédé F, Adégbidi H, Koudoukpo C, Téclessou J, Aholoukpé C, Degboé B, Ango-Padonou F do, Yedomon H. Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Skin Bleaching in Secondary School in Bohicon, Benin. J Cosmet Dermatol Sci Appl. 2015;05(01):1–6.