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ABSTRACT
Introduction. Bacterial meningitis is among most severe infectious diseases with a high rate of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The heaviest burden is reported in Africa, in particular in the “african meningitis belt” which include the northern regions of Cameroon. This study aims to provide information on the profile of bacterial agents of meningitis in Cameroon’s northern regions after MenAfriVac. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the biological monitoring data from 1st January, 2013 to 20 September 2015, of case by case-based surveillance for meningitis, obtained at the National Reference Laboratory. Data were retrieved from Excel linelists of cases and analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results. In this study, we considered 742 cerebrospinal fluid samples analysis. The mean patients age was 9.6 years [2 days–77 years] with male sex ratio dominance (1.3). Seventy-one (9.57%) cases were positive. Confirmed meningitis cases were made up of 28 culture positive bacteria, 11 Rt-PCR positive bacteria, and 64 soluble antigen positive tests. Among 67 bacterial isolates, Streptococcus pneumoniae was the predominant organism across all age group, 45 (63.38%), followed by Neisseria meningitidis, 18 (25.34%), predominating in patients aged 12-59 months, Salmonella sp 3 (4.22%), and Streptococcus agalactiae, 1 (1.4%). Cryptococcus neoformans was the only fungus isolated in 4 (5.63%) cases. Conclusion. S. pneumoniae is the predominant bacterial agent of meningitis in the northern regions of Cameroon, followed by Serogroup W of N. meningitidis. The pneumococcal vaccine could be widely implemented for the management of meningitis. Other bacterial and fungal pathogens should be considered in meningitis patients.
 
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. La méningite bactérienne est l'une des infections les plus graves avec un taux élevé de morbidité et de mortalité dans les pays en développement. Un lourd fardeau est reporté en Afrique, particulièrement dans la « ceinture africaine de la méningite » qui inclus les régions septentrionales du Cameroun. Cette étude vise à déterminer le profil des agents bactériens de la méningite dans les régions septentrionales du Cameroun après le MenAfriVac. Méthodes. Nous avons examiné rétrospectivement les données biologiques du 1er Janvier 2013 au 20 Septembre 2015 de la surveillance cas-par-cas de la méningite obtenues auprès du laboratoire national de référence. Les données ont été analysées avec le logiciel SPSS 20.0. Résultats. Au total 742 analyses de liquide céphalo-rachidien ont été considérés. L'âge moyen des patients était de 9,6 ans, avec un sex-ratio de 1,3. Soixante-onze (9,57%) cas étaient positifs, isolats obtenus soit par culture (28), RT-PCR (11) ou par antigènes solubles (64). Les cas positifs étaient constitués de 67 bactéries avec 45 (63,38%) cas de Streptococcus pneumoniae, 18 (25,34%) cas de Neisseria meningitidis, 3 (4,22%) cas de Salmonella sp, et 1 (1,4%) cas de Streptococcus agalactiae ; et un champignon, le Cryptococcus neoformans isolé dans 4 (5,63 %) cas. Conclusion. S. pneumoniae est l'agent bactérien prédominant de la méningite dans les régions septentrionales du Cameroun, suivi du sérogroupe W de N. meningitidis. Le vaccin antipneumococcique devrait être largement mis en œuvre pour la prévention de la méningite. D'autres agents bactériens et fongiques doivent être pris en compte chez les patients atteints de méningite.

Keywords

Etiological agents, Bacterial meningitis, Northern Cameroon.

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Graobe, B., Gake, B., Bamia, A., Gake, N., Seukap, E. C., Etoundi Mballa, A., Nukenine, E., & Lombart, J. (2023). Etiological Agents of Meningitis in Northern Cameroun: a Retrospective Study from Patients Suspected of Meningitis Enrolled in Case by Case Based Surveillance after MenAfriVac. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 24(4). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v24i4.4313
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