Prise en Charge des Associations Lésionnelles Crânio-Faciales Post-Traumatiques en Milieu Hospitalo-universitaire à Ouagadougou
Management of Post-Traumatic Craniofacial Lesion Associations in a University Hospital Setting in Ouagadougou
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v2i11.6130Mots-clés :
Traumatismes crânio-facial, Associations lésionnelles, Traitement pluridisciplinaireRésumé
RESUME
Introduction. Au Burkina Faso, les contraintes structurelles, organisationnelles, socioéconomiques et en ressources humaines rendent souvent difficile la mise en place et la coordination d’équipes de prise en charge pluridisciplinaire dans les associations lésionnelles crânio-faciales. L’objectif de notre travail était de rapporter les aspects de la prise en charge de ces lésions dans notre contexte. Méthodologie. Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive à collecte rétrospective monocentrique sur une période de trois ans allant du 1er juin 2020 au 31 mai 2023 au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo. Ont été inclus dans l’étude, tous les patients pris en charge pour des associations lésionnelles crânio-encéphaliques et maxillo-faciales, consécutives à un traumatisme crânio-facial, dans les services de Neurochirurgie et de Stomatologie et Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale. Résultats. Nous avons retenu 104 patients avec une moyenne d’âge de 33,12 ans pour un sex-ratio de 8,4. Les lésions étaient consécutives aux accidents de la circulation routière dans 94,23% des cas. La perte de connaissance initiale et les plaies crânio-faciales ont été notées respectivement dans 80% et 75,96% des cas. Les contusions cérébrales (40,38 %) et les embarrures (35,57 %) ont été notées et associées aux fractures zygomatiques dans 30 cas (28,85%). La prise en charge chirurgicale a été pluridisciplinaire concomitante chez 40% des patients. L’évolution à long terme était favorable dans 65,38 % des cas. Conclusion. Les lésions traumatiques crânio-faciales sont fréquentes et touchent tous les âges. L’évolution sous traitement multidisciplinaire est favorable dans la majorité des cas.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. In Burkina Faso, structural, organisational, socio-economic and human resource constraints often make it difficult to set up and coordinate multidisciplinary management teams for craniofacial lesions. The aim of our work was to report on aspects of the management of these injuries in our context. Methodology. This was a monocentric retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over a three-year period from 1 June 2020 to 31 May 2023 at the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital. All patients treated for associated cranioencephalic and maxillofacial lesions following craniofacial trauma in the Neurosurgery and Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery departments were included in the study. Results. We included 104 patients with an average age of 33.12 years and a sex ratio of 8.4. The injuries were the result of road traffic accidents in 94.23% of cases. Initial loss of consciousness and craniofacial wounds were noted in 80% and 75.96% of cases respectively. Cerebral contusions (40.38%) and embarrures (35.57%) were noted and associated with zygomatic fractures in 30 cases (28.85%). Surgical management was multidisciplinary and concomitant in 40% of patients. Long-term outcome was favourable in 65.38% of cases. Conclusion. Craniofacial traumatic injuries are common and affect all ages. Under multidisciplinary treatment, the majority of patients had a favourable outcome.
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(c) Tous droits réservés Yakouba Haro, Motandi Idani, Abdoulaye Sanou, Sylvain Zabsonre, Tarcissus Konsem, Abel Kabre 2024
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