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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Hematological malignancies are a heterogeneous group of cancers of blood cells and their precursors for which there are not many studies in Africa due to diagnostic difficulties. It is with the aim of enriching the data on these pathologies in Cameroon that the present study was initiated. Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analytical study in the department of hematology and medical oncology of the Central Hospital of Yaounde in Cameroon for 10 years from January, 2008 to December, 2017. We have elaborated on a technical sheet where were found epidemiological, sociodemographic, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary variables. Results. Among the 167 files selected, the average age of the patients was 52 +/- 16, with extremes of 21 years and 87 years. Lymphoproliferative syndromes were the most common group of hematological malignancies, represented at 52.7% (88 patients). Patients consulted mainly for "suspicion of hematological malignancy" (89.2%). Definite exposure factors were identified in 52 cases (31.1%). Agricultural pesticides and herbicides were the most commonly found exposure factors (25%). The chemotherapy protocols varied according to pathologies and stages. Toxic events were rare. The average survival rate after one year was 30% for all hematological malignancies and nearly 1% after 4 years. Conclusion. This work allowed to determine the extent of hematologic malignant disease, to identify the socio-demographic characteristics, the risk factors, the clinical characteristics and the fate of the patients.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Les hémopathies malignes constituent un ensemble hétérogène de cancers des cellules sanguines et de leurs précurseurs pour lesquels il n’existe pas beaucoup d’études réalisées en Afrique du fait des difficultés diagnostiques. C’est dans l’optique d’enrichir les données sur ces pathologies au Cameroun que la présente étude a été initiée. Méthodes. Nous avons conduit une étude transversale rétrospective dans le service d’hématologie et d’oncologie médicale de l’Hôpital Central de Yaoundé au Cameroun sur 10 ans du 1er janvier 2008 au 31 décembre 2017. Nous avons élaboré sur une fiche technique où ont été relevées les variables épidémiologiques, sociodémographiques, cliniques, thérapeutiques et évolutives. Résultats. Parmi 167 les patients retenus, l’âge moyen était de 52 ans +/- 16, avec des extrêmes de 21 ans et de 87 ans. Les syndromes lymphoprolifératifs constituaient le groupe d’hémopathies malignes le plus fréquent, représenté à 52,7% (88 patients). Les patients consultaient surtout pour « suspicion d’hémopathie maligne » (89,2%). Des facteurs d’exposition ont été retrouvés chez 52 patients (31,1%). Les pesticides agricoles et herbicides étaient les facteurs d’exposition majoritairement retrouvés (25%). Les protocoles de chimiothérapie variaient en fonction des pathologies et des stades. Les évènements toxiques ont été rares. Le taux moyen de survie au bout d’un an était de 30% pour toutes les hémopathies malignes et de près de 1% au bout de quatre ans. Conclusion. Ce travail a permis de déterminer l’ampleur de la maladie maligne hématologique, d’identifier les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, les facteurs de risque, les caractéristiques cliniques et le devenir des patients.
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References
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References
Cancer and environment: the haematological malignancies of the adult recovered at http://www.cancer-environnement.fr/283-Hemopathies-malignes-de-ladulte.ce.aspx
Cancer and environment: classification of hematological malignancies recovered at http://www.ipubli.inserm.fr/bitstream/handle/10608/102/?sequence=25
Koulidiati J, Ouedraogo DD, Tieno H, Bationo B, Kafando E, Drabo YJ. Adult malignant hemopathies in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso): epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.
Luma et al: Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Hematological Malignancies in the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital, PhD Thesis in Medicine
Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J. The WHO classification of hematological malignancies, report of the clinical advisory committee meeting. Med Pathol 2000; 13: 193-207.
Dapa Aly Diallo et al. Malignant haemopathies of the child: epidemiological aspects in the department of Hematology medical oncology of the G-spot hospital, Bamako, Mali (1996-2003)
The gender approach - FAO. Retrieved from www.fao.org
N'Dhatz Comoe E, Koffi KG, Ayemou R, Nanho Danho C, Alla D, Kouakou B, Meite N, Tolo-Diebkile A, Sanogo I. Prevalence and incidence of hematological diseases at Youpougon University Hospital. Retrieved from http: //www.revues-ufhb ci.org/fichiers/FICHIR_ARTICLE_238.pdf
Thiam D. et al. Hematol Cell Ther.1996. Epidemiology and therapy of malignant hemopathies in Senegal. Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/8932001/
Sine bayo, Mamadou Dembele, Seydou Doumbia, Cissoko Sidibe: Epidemiological characteristics of hematological malignancies in the hematology-medical oncology and internal medicine departments of the Point G. Hospital
F.Z. Mahbub, W. Elkhattabi, H. Youssfi, A. Aichane, H. Afif. Positive diagnosis and evolution of hematological malignancies (about 132 cases).
Bauduer F. Clinical aspect of acute leukemias. Encylcl Med Chir. Scientific and Medical Editions Elsevier SAS, Paris, Hematology, 13-018-G-10, 2002, 8p.