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Abstract

RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Le retard de langage est une pathologie socialement invalidante altérant de manière considérable la communication avec autrui. Il est multifactoriel et sa fréquence varie fonction des milieux. Le but de notre étude était de déterminer le profil épidémioclinique et paraclinique de la surdité chez des enfants avec retard de langage dans un échantillon de la population camerounaise. Matériels et méthodes. Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale avec recueil prospectif de données dans les services d’ORL de l’Hôpital général de Douala et de l’Hôpital central de Yaoundé sur une période de 06 mois allant de novembre 2015 à avril 2016. Résultats. 28 patients ont été recrutés dans cette étude. Le sexe masculin a été le plus représenté avec un sex ratio de 3/1. L’âge moyen des patients de notre série était de 4 ans 10 mois ± 19,63. La classe sociale la plus représentée a été celle ayant un faible niveau socioéconomique (32,1% ; n=9). Les antécédents prénataux infectieux ont été dominés par la toxoplasmose (33,3% ; n=9) tandis que parmi les antécédents toxiques la prise d’alcool pendant la grossesse a été retrouvé dans 55,6%. Les antécédents familiaux de surdité ont été retrouvés chez 19% (n= 5) des enfants de l’étude. Dans 86% des cas, les tympans étaient normaux. Les potentiels évoqués auditifs étaient l’examen le plus utilisé (50% ; n=14). Conclusion. Le sexe masculin semble plus atteint de surdité avec un sex ratio de 3/1, diagnostiquée à un âge tardif (5 ans 8 mois). La toxoplasmose et les otites à répétitions sont les principales causes de surdité.

ABSTRACT
Introduction. Language delay is a socially debilitating pathology which considerably affects communication with others. It is multifactorial and its frequency varies depending on the environment. The aim of our study was to determine the epidemioclinical and paraclinical profile of deafness in children with language delay in a sample of the Cameroonian population. Materials and methods. This was a cross-sectional study with prospective data collection in the ENT departments of the Douala General Hospital and of the Yaoundé Central Hospital over a period of 06 months from November 2015 to April 2016. Results. 28 patients were recruited in this study. The male sex was the most represented with a sex ratio of 3/1. The mean age of the patients in our series was 4 years 10 months ± 19.63. The most represented social class was that with a low socioeconomic level (32.1%; n = 9). The infectious prenatal history was dominated by toxoplasmosis (33.3%; n = 9) while among the toxic history alcohol intake during pregnancy accounted for 55.6% of the population. A family history of deafness was found in 19% (n = 5) of the children in the study. In 86% of cases, the eardrums were normal. Auditory evoked potentials were the most widely used test (50%; n = 14). Conclusion. The male sex seems more deaf with a sex ratio of 3/1, diagnosed at a late age (5 years 8 months). Toxoplasmosis and recurrent ear infections are the main causes of deafness.

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Ngaba, O., Edouma, J., Messina Ebogo, W., Ngambono, S., & Njock, R. (2021). La Surdité avec Retard de Langage : Aspects Épidémiocliniques et Paracliniques dans un Groupe d’Enfants Camerounais. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 22(5). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v22i5.2740
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