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Abstract

ABSTRACT
La maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID19) est une infection systémique due au Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS COV 2). Les maladies auto-immunes résultent d’un dysfonctionnement du système immunitaire spécifique et sont subdivisées en deux groupes, maladie auto-immune systémique (exemple : le lupus érythémateux systémique, la polyarthrite rhumatoïde) et maladie auto-immune spécifique d’organe (exemple : le diabète de type 1 auto-immune, la maladie de Basedow). Quant aux maladies auto-inflammatoires, elles sont la résultante d’une dysrégulation du système immunitaire inné. Ainsi, deux groupes se distinguent, la maladie auto-inflammatoire monogénique (exemple : la fièvre méditerranéenne familiale, le déficit en IgD) et maladie auto-inflammatoire polygénique (exemple : les spondylarthropathies, la sarcoïdose, la maladie de Still). De plus en plus, dans les études de séries, des cas COVID 19 sont décrits chez les malades atteints des maladies auto-immunes et auto-inflammatoires. Parmi lesquels, le lupus érythémateux systémique, le syndrome des antiphospholipides, la polyarthrite rhumatoïde, psoriasis rhumatoïde, etc. La présente revue de la littérature a donc cinq objectifs. Premièrement, de faire un état de lieu sur la situation épidémiologique du COVID 19 et de son association aux maladies auto-immunes et auto-inflammatoires. Deuxièmement, de dégager les particularités et/ou les similarités physiopathologiques et cliniques entre le COVID 19 et les maladies auto-immunes et auto-inflammatoires. Troisièmement, de présenter les outils diagnostiques de références de COVID19. Quatrièmement, d’analyser le lien entre le COVID 19 et les maladies auto-immunes et auto-inflammatoires en termes de pronostic et de susceptibilité. En fin, cinquièmement, de discuter les traitements immunosuppresseurs au cours de l’infection à COVID 19.
RÉSUMÉ
Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID19) is a systemic infection caused by SARS COV2. Autoimmune diseases result from a dysfunction of the specific immune system and are subdivided into two groups, systemic autoimmune disease (example: systemic lupus erythematous, rheumatoid arthritis) and organ-specific autoimmune disease (example: diabetes mellitus autoimmune type 1, Graves' disease). As for auto-inflammatory diseases, they are the result of a dysregulation of the innate immune system. Thus, two groups are distinguished, monogenic auto-inflammatory disease (example: familial Mediterranean fever, IgD deficiency) and polygenic auto-inflammatory disease (example: spondyloarthropathies, sarcoidosis, Still's disease). Increasingly, in studies with case-series, COVID 19 cases are described in patients with autoimmune and auto-inflammatory diseases. Among which, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid psoriasis, etc. This literature review therefore has five objectives. First, to present the current epidemiological aspects of COVID 19 and its association with autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Second, to expose the pathophysiological and clinical particularities and/or similarities between COVID 19 and autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Third, to present the reference diagnostic tools of COVID19. Fourth, to analyze the relationship between COVID 19 and autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases in terms of prognosis and susceptibility. Finally, fifth, to discuss immunosuppressive treatments during COVID 19 infection. We have opted for a literature review at this early stage of the COVID 19 pandemic, because our objectives are not to delve into any particular issue, but to present data that may guide internists, rheumatologists, and other practitioners involved in the management of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases on the diagnostic and therapeutic issues that may be posed by the association of COVID 19 and autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.

Keywords

COVID 19, auto-immune diseases, auto-inflammatory diseases, immunosuppressants COVID 19, maladies auto-immunes, maladies auto-inflammatoires, immunosuppresseurs.

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Kali, K., Traoré, D., Sy, D., Cissoko, M., Ouattara, B. Z., Joseph, K., Togo, M. . ., Traoré, A. M., Dabo, G., Doumbia, N., Dembélé, J. P., Keïta, M., Doumbia, S., Soukho, A. K., & Traoré, A. K. (2022). Maladies Autoimmunes et Autoinflammatoires dans un Contexte de Pandémie du COVID 19 : Une Revue de la Littérature. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 23(4). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v23i4.3559
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