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RÉSUMÉ
Objectif. Le but de ce travail était de décrire les aspects cliniques et anatomopathologiques des cancers gastriques à l’Hôpital Général de Yaoundé et au Centre Médical La Cathédrale de Yaoundé. Méthodologie. Il s’agit d’une étude transversale descriptive avec collecte rétrospective des données s’étalant sur une période de 5 ans allant du 1er Janvier 2016 au 31 Décembre 2020. Étaient inclus tous les dossiers complets de patients atteints de cancer gastrique histologiquement confirmé. L’échantillonnage a été consécutif. Les variables étudiées étaient les données sociodémographiques, les signes fonctionnels, les signes cliniques, les antécédents, les données anatomopathologiques. L’analyse des données était réalisée grâce au logiciel SPSS 22.0. Résultats. Nous avons étudié 80 dossiers. Le sex-ratio était de 1,1 en faveur des femmes, soit un pourcentage de 51,80 % de femmes contre 48,80 % pour les hommes. L’âge moyen était de 52,13 ans. L’épigastralgie était le principal motif de consultation et était retrouvé dans 98,80% des cas. Les principaux antécédents notés étaient la prise abusive d’anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (73,80%), la consommation d’épices et de boissons gazeuses (73,80 %), la gastrite chronique (72,50%), et l’ulcère gastrique (30%). Le corps de l’estomac (53,80% des cas) était le siège le plus atteint par le cancer. Le type histologique le plus retrouvé était l’adénocarcinome. Conclusion. Au cours du cancer gastrique à Yaoundé, le sexe féminin est légèrement plus touché. L’épigastralgie est le principal motif de consultation et l’adénocarcinome le type histologique le plus représenté. Un accent doit être mis sur la prévention de cette affection en renforçant la politique nationale de lutte contre le cancer gastrique.
ABSTRACT
Objectives. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and histopathological features of gastric cancers at the Yaoundé General Hospital and at the Yaoundé Cathedral Medical Center. Patients and methods. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection covering a period of 5 years from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020. All complete files of patients with histologically confirmed gastric cancer were included. Sampling was consecutive. The variables studied were sociodemographic data, functional signs, clinical signs, history, histopathological data. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software. Results. We studied 80 files. The sex ratio F/M was 1.1, or a 51.80% of women against 48.80% of men. The average age was 52.13 years. Epigastralgia was the main reason for consultation and was found in 98.80% of cases. The main past medical history findings noted were the excessive use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (73.80%), the consumption of spices and soft drinks (73.80%), chronic gastritis (72.50%), and the gastric ulcer (30%). The body of the stomach was the most commonly affected site (53.80% of cases). The most common histological type was adenocarcinoma. Conclusion. In our setting, women are slightly more commonly affected by gastric cancer. Epigastralgia is the main reason for consultation and adenocarcinoma is the most common histological type. Emphasis should be placed on the prevention of this condition by strengthening the national policy for the fight against gastric cancer.

Keywords

Cancer Stomach Clinical Pathological Anatomy and Cytology Cancer Estomac Clinique Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques

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Majoumo Grâce, Manghe Roméo, Djapa Christelle, Ndam Njitoyap Aantonin, Binyom Pierre René, Atangana Paul, & Sando Zacharie. (2022). Aspects Cliniques et Anatomopathologiques des Cancers Gastriques à Yaoundé de 2016 à 2020: Clinical and histopathological features of gastric cancers in Yaounde from 2016 to 2020. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 23(5). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v23i5.3593
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