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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a potentially fatal form of skin cancer. Although it is the most common type of skin cancer in the paediatric population, it is rare, affecting around 0.4% of patients under the age of 20. We report a case of CM in an eight-year-old female patient. For one year, she had presented with a nodule of the left cheek treated as a pyogenic granuloma. The lesion was excised twice within two months, because it had recurred after initial excision. Pathology of the first excision was in favour of a Spitz nevus, while that of the second was in favour of a malignant oncocytoma. Molecular analysis of the satellite lymph node removed one month after the second excision was consistent with melanoma lymph node metastasis. MC is rare in children. The atypical nature of the clinical presentation may delay management.
RÉSUMÉ
Le mélanome est une forme potentiellement mortelle de cancer de la peau. Bien qu'il s'agisse du type de cancer de la peau le plus fréquent dans la population pédiatrique, il est rare puisqu'il touche environ 0,4 % des patients de moins de 20 ans. Nous rapportons un cas de MC chez une patiente de huit ans. Depuis un an, elle avait présenté un nodule de la joue gauche traité comme granulome pyogène. Deux exérèses de la lésion ont été faites en l’espace de deux mois parce qu’elle avait récidivé après une première exérèse. L’analyse histopathologique de la première exérèse était en faveur d’un nævus de Spitz, celle de la deuxième avait conclu à un oncocytome malin. Le ganglion satellite extirpé un mois après la deuxième exérèse avait fait l’objet d’analyse moléculaire qui était en faveur d’une métastase ganglionnaire d’un mélanome. Chez l’enfant, le MC est rare. Le caractère atypique de la présentation clinique peut retarder la prise en charge.
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References
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- Rossi M, Pellegrini C, Cardelli L, Ciciarelli V, Nardo LD, Fargnoli MC. Familial Melanoma: Diagnostic and Management Implications. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2019 31;10–6.
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References
Eggen C a. m., Durgaram V v. l., van Doorn R, Mooi W j., Pardo L m., Pasmans S g. m. a., et al. Incidence and relative survival of melanoma in children and adolescents in the Netherlands, 1989–2013. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(6):956–61.
Fidanzi C, Manzo Margiotta F, Spinelli C, Janowska A, Dini V, Oranges T, et al. Risk factors in pediatric melanoma: a retrospective study of 39 cases. Melanoma Res. 2021; 31(6):555–60.
Tracy ET, Aldrink JH. Pediatric melanoma. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2016; 25(5):290–8.
Livestro DP, Kaine EM, Michaelson JS, Mihm MC, Haluska FG, Muzikansky A, et al. Melanoma in the young: Differences and similarities with adult melanoma: A case-matched controlled analysis. Cancer. 2007; 110(3):614–24.
Strouse JJ, Fears TR, Tucker MA, Wayne AS. Pediatric Melanoma: Risk Factor and Survival Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Database. J Clin Oncol. 2005; 23(21):4735–41.
Zhao G, Lee KC, Peacock S, Reisch LM, Knezevich SR, Elder DE, et al. The utilization of spitz-related nomenclature in the histological interpretation of cutaneous melanocytic lesions by practicing pathologists: results from the M-Path study: Spitzoid lesion terminology. J Cutan Pathol. 2017; 44(1):5–14.
Piguet V, Borradori L. Pyogenic granuloma-like lesions during capecitabine therapy. Br J Dermatol. 2002; 147(6):1270–2.
Pathology and genomics of pediatric melanoma: A critical reexamination and new insights - Bahrami - 2018 - Pediatric Blood & Cancer - Wiley Online Library [Internet]. [cited 2023 Mar 6]. Available from: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/doi/full/10.1002/pbc.26792
Lu C, Zhang J, Nagahawatte P, Easton J, Lee S, Liu Z, et al. The Genomic Landscape of Childhood and Adolescent Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol. 2015; 135(3):816–23.
Saiyed F, Hamilton E, Austin M. Pediatric melanoma: incidence, treatment, and prognosis. Pediatr Health Med Ther. 2017; 8:39–45.
Rossi M, Pellegrini C, Cardelli L, Ciciarelli V, Nardo LD, Fargnoli MC. Familial Melanoma: Diagnostic and Management Implications. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2019 31;10–6.
Multiple primary melanoma revisited - Blackwood - 2002 - Cancer - Wiley Online Library [Internet]. [cited 2023 Mar 14]. Available from: https://acsjournals-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/doi/full/10.1002/cncr.10454