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ABSTRACT
Background. The burden of mental disorders continues to grow with significant impacts on health. Their prevalence is higher in patients presenting cardiovascular risk factors.This review takes stock of the frequency, the mechanisms, and the implications of major cardiovascular risk factors in patients with serious mental disorders. Methods. A literature search was done in PubMed from 1980 to 2021 using various combinations of Mesh terms like tobacco, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia. Results. People with serious mental disorders have a greater prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors compared to the general population. Conversely, people with cardiovascular diseases more frequently suffer from serious mental disorders. More specifically, we note that 45 to 88% of patients suffering from schizophrenia are tobacco users, Depression is reported to be 3 times higher in hypertensives than in non-hypertensives while around 19% of type 2 diabetic patients suffer from major depressive disorder which is 3 times greater than in the general population, and the prevalence of dyslipidemia among persons with severe and persistent mental illness is higher than the prevalence in the general population and ranges from 25% to 70%. The concomitant presence of these different pathologies can be explained either by their intertwined pathophysiological mechanisms, or by the side effects of the various medications taken in the context of these chronic diseases. Conclusion. The predisposing factors for the coexistence of mental illnesses and cardiovascular diseases are often entangled. It would be interesting to carry out more studies to elucidate precisely the different pathophysiological mechanisms of these diseases.
RÉSUMÉ
Contexte. La prévalence des maladies mentales est plus élevée chez les patients présentant des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire. Cette revue fait le point sur la fréquence, les mécanismes et les implications des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire majeurs chez les patients atteints de pathologies psychiatriques graves. Méthodologie. Une recherche documentaire a été effectuée dans PubMed de 1980 à 2021 en utilisant diverses combinaisons de termes MeSH comme tabac, diabète, hypertension, dyslipidémie, trouble dépressif majeur, trouble bipolaire, schizophrénie. Résultats. Les personnes atteintes de maladie mentales graves ont une plus grande prévalence de facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire majeurs comparé à la population générale. A l'inverse, les personnes atteintes de maladies cardiovasculaires souffrent plus fréquemment de troubles mentaux graves. Plus précisément, on note que 45 à 88% des patients souffrant de schizophrénie consomment du tabac. La dépression serait 3 fois plus élevée chez les hypertendus que chez les non hypertendus. Par ailleurs, environ 19% des patients diabétiques de type 2 souffrent d'un trouble dépressif majeur ce qui est 3 fois plus élevée que dans la population générale. La prévalence des dyslipidémies chez les personnes atteintes d'une maladie mentale grave est supérieure à la prévalence dans la population générale et varie de 25 % à 70 %. La présence concomitante de ces différentes pathologies s'explique soit par leurs mécanismes physiopathologiques imbriqués, soit par les effets secondaires des différents médicaments pris dans le cadre de ces maladies chroniques. Conclusion. Les facteurs prédisposant à la coexistence des maladies mentales et des maladies cardiovasculaires sont souvent intriqués. Il serait intéressant de mener plus d'études pour élucider précisément les différents mécanismes physiopathologiques de ces maladies.

Keywords

Mental illnesses Cardiovascular risk factor Maladies mentales Facteur de risque cardiovasculaire

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Kemnang Yemele Honoré, Ndobo-koe valerie, Njedock S. Nelson, Ananfack Nguefack E.G., Tchouanlong Andy Tedwin, & Nganou-Gnindjio Nadège. (2022). Major Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Serious Mental Disorders, a Double-Edged Sword : Literature Review. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v24i1.4101
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