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ABSTRACT
Introduction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious public health issue. Our study aimed to describe the epidemiology, the clinical presentation and the outcome of acute kidney injury in the City of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Methods. This retrospective, descriptive study from January 1st to December 31, 2018, in the nephrology-dialysis department of CHUSS included all patients with AKI according to KDIGO 2012 definition.. Results. The incidence of AKI was 29.94% (109/364) among hospitalized patients, accounting for 31.50% (109/346) of all renal failures. The mean age of patients was 40.63 ± 21.49 years, and the sex ratio (male/female) was 1.32. The main symptoms were vomiting (45.87%), dehydration (41.28%) and oligoanuria (40.36%). The mean serum creatinine, urea and hemoglobin were respectively 935.65 ± 568.32 µmol/L, 32.82 ± 18.75 mmol/L and 8.69 ± 3.21 g/dL. AKI’s main etiologies were dehydration (43.12%), infections (14.67%) such as malaria (11.92%) and toxic (11.92%). AKI was respectively organic and functional in 50 (45.87%) and 47 (43.12%) cases. Red cells transfusion was performed in 55 patients (50.46%). Hemodialysis indicated for 18 patients (16.51%), was effective in 10 cases (55.55%). The proportion of patinets who recovered completely their renal function was 69.72% (76/109). The lethality rate was 11.92% and seemed to be higher among women (p=0.04). Conclusion. AKI is common and has a poor prognosis in the nephrology-dialysis department of CHUSS. There is a need to develop initiatives to control preventable AKI’s causes.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. L’insuffisance rénale aigue (IRA) est un problème de santé publique. Notre objectif était de decrire les aspects épidémio-cliniques, étiologiques et évolutifs de l’IRA afin d’améliorer sa prise en charge au CHUSS. Méthodologie. Cette étude rétrospective du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 2018 dans le service de néphrologie-dialyse du CHUSS, a inclus tous les patients hospitalisés pour IRA selon les KDIGO 2012. Des facteurs pronostiques ont été recherchés par des anlyses uni et bivariée (p < 0,05). Résultats. L’incidence de l’IRA était de 29,94 % (109/364) soit 31,50 % (109/346) des cas d’insuffisance rénale. L’âge moyen était de 40,63 ± 21,49 ans et le sex-ratio de 1,32. Les principaux symptomes étaient les vomissements (45,87 %), la déshydratation (41,28 %) et l’oligo-anurie (40,36 %). La créatininémie, l’azotémie et le taux d’hémoglobine moyens étaient de 935,65 ± 568,32 μmol/L, 32,82 ± 18,75 mmol/L et 8,69 ± 3,21 g/dL. L’IRA était organique et fonctionnelle dans 50 (45,87%) et 47 (43,12%) cas. Ses étiologies étaient dominées par la déshydratation (43,12%), les infections (14,67%), dont le paludisme (11,92%) et toxiques (11,92%). Une transfusion a éte réalisée chez 55 patients (50,46%). L’hémodialyse a été effective dans 10 cas sur les 18 cas indiqués (55,55%). La fonction rénale a totalement récupéré chez 76 patients (69,72%). La létalité était de 11,92% et semblait plus élevée chez les femmes (p = 0,04). Conclusion. L’IRA est fréquente et de mauvais pronostic dans le service de néphrologie-dialyse du CHUSS, d’où la nécessité d’inititier des actions ciblant ses causes évitables.

Keywords

AKI, incidence, profile, Bobo-Dioulasso IRA, incidence, profil, Bobo-Dioulasso

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How to Cite
Semde Aoua, Kissou François P, Kere Idrissa, Dah Judicaël, Sanou Gaoussou, & Kyelem Carole G. (2022). Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Acute Kidney Injury in the City of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v24i1.4141
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