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Abstract
Les malformations artério-veineuses cérébrales (MAVc) se caractérisent par un réseau vasculaire malformatif induisant des connexions directes entre artère et veine sans un dispositif capillaire préalable. Les malformations artério-veineuses cérébrales sont relativement rares (prévalence estimée entre 10 à 18/ 100.000 hbt). La rupture spontanée est rapportée comme mode de révélation la plus fréquente des MAVc. Les découvertes de MAVc avant cette phase sont de plus en plus fréquentes en raison de l'utilisation courante de la neuro-imagerie non invasive. Nous rapportons un cas clinique de MAVc révélé par des crises d’épilepsies. Un des intérêts de ce travail est de mettre en lumière cette pathologie parfois sous diagnostiquée dans les pays en voie de développement et au Mali en particulier. La prise en charge adéquate des MAVc relève d’une approche pluridisciplinaire et demande aussi plateau technique de pointe.
ABSTRACT
Brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVM) are characterized by a malformed vascular network inducing direct connections between artery and vein without a prior capillary device. Brain arteriovenous malformations are relatively rare (estimated prevalence between 10 to 18/100,000 inhabitants). Spontaneous rupture is reported as the most frequent outcome of BAVM. Findings of BAVM before stroke are increasingly common due to the common use of non-invasive neuroimaging. We report a case of BAVM revealed by epileptic seizures. An interest of this work is to shed light on this pathology sometimes underdiagnosed in developing countries and in Mali in particular. Adequate management of BAVM requires a multidisciplinary approach and also requires a state-of-the-art technical platform.
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References
- Delaitre M. Malformations arterio-veineuses thalamiques : modes de présentation clinique, angio-architecture et prise en charge thérapeutique. Thèse Fac Med Paris Descartes2018.
- Panciani PP, Fontanella M, Carlino C. et al. Progressive spontaneous occlusion of cerebellar AMV : pathogenesis hypothesisand review of literatue. Clinical Neurol and Neurosurg 2008 ;110 :502-10.
- https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-02276313/document.
- Al-Shahi R. Prevalence of adults with brain arteriovenous malformations: a community based study in Scotland using capture recapture analysis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2002;73(5): 547-51.
- Kim H, Su H, Weinsheimer S, Pawlikowska L, Young WL. Brain arteriovenous malformation pathogenesis: A response-to-injury paradigm. In: Zhang JH, Colohan A, editors. Intracerebral Hemorrhage Research: From Bench to Bedside. Germany: Springer; pp. 83–92. 1112011.
- https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01162450/document
- The arteriovenous malformation study Group. Arteriovenous malformations of brain in adults. The new Engl J of Med 1999 ;340 :1812-8.
- Brown RD, jr, Wiebers DO, Torner JC et al. Frequency of intracranial hemorrhage as apresenting symptom and subtype analysis : a population based study of intracranial vascular malformations in Olmsted country Minnesota. J Neurosurg 1996 ;85 :29-32.
- https://www.orpha.net/data/patho/Emg/Int/fr/malformationArterioveineuse Cerebrale_FR_fr_EMG_ORPHA46724.pdf consulté le 22/09/22].
- Morris Z, Whiteley WN, Longstreth WT Jr, Weber F, Lee YC, Tsushima Y, Alphs H, Ladd SC, Warlow C, Wardlaw JM, Al-Shahi Salman R. Incidental findings on brain magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2009;339:b3016
- https://n.neurology.org/content/95/20/917 consulté le 21/10/22
- Al-Shahi R, Warlow C. A systematic review of of the frequency and prognosis of arteriovenous malformation of the brain in adults. Brain 2001 ; 124 :1900-26.
- Stapf C. Histoire naturelle des MAVc. La Lettre du Neurologue 2005 vol. IX - n° 10 :359-63.
- Luessenhop AJ, Rosa L. Cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Indications for and results of surgery, and the role of intravascular techniques. J Neurosurg 1984 Jan;60(1):14-22.
- Brown Jr. RD, Wiebers DO, Forbes G et al. The natural history of unruptured intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Journ Neurosurg 1988 ; 63 (3) :352-7.
- Gross BA, Du R. Natural history of arteriovenous malformations : a mete analysis. J Neurosurg 2013 ;118 :437-43.
- Hofmeister C, Stapf C, Hartmann A et al. Demographic , morphological, and clinical characteristic of 1289 patientswith arteriovenous malformations. Stroke 2000 ; 31 :1307-1.
- Mohr JP, Hartmann A, Mast H et al. Arteriovenous malformations and other vascular anomalies. In: Mohr JP, Choi D, Grotta JC, Weir B, Wolf PA (eds). Stroke: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Harcourt Health Sciences, USA, 4th edition, 2004, chapter 27.
- Schimmel K et al. Arteriovenous Malformations—Current Understanding of the Pathogenesis with Implications for Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021 ; v.22(16);
- Laakso A, Hernesniemi J. Arteriovenous Malformations: Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation. Neurosurgery Clinics of North America. 2012;23(1): 1-6.
- https://www.neuro chirurgie-lariboisiere.com/mav/ consulté le 22/09/22
- Osipov A, Koennecke HC, Hartmann A, et al. Seizures in cerebral arteriovenous malformations : type, clinical course and medical management. Interv Neuroradiol 1997 ;3 :37-41.
- Josephson CB, White PM, Krishan A, Al‐Shahi SR. Computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance angiography for detection of intracranial vascular malformations in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;9:CD009372 10.1002/14651858.CD009372.
- Imbesi SG, Knox K, Kerber CW. Reproducdibility analysis of new method for measuring arteriovenous malformations nidus size at angiography. AJNR am j. Neuroradiol 2002 ;23 :412-5.
- Chowdhury AH, Khan SU, Rahman KM et al. Clinical and morphological pattern of brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh. BMC Res Notes. 2015; 8: 745.
- Franck Aurelien Chouamou Cheumaga et al. Malformation artérioveineuse occipitale: à propos d’un cas. PAMJ Clinical Medicine. 2020;4(5). 10.11604/pamj-cm.2020.4.5.24703
- Bharatha A, Faughnan ME, Kim H, et al. Brain arteriovenous malformation multiplicity predicts the diagnosis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: quantitative assessment. Stroke 2012;43(1):72–78.
- Solomon RA, Connolly ES. Arteriovenous malformations of the brain. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(5):498 10.1056/NEJMc1707399.
- Kim H, Al-Shahi Salman R, McCulloch CE, Stapf C, Young WL; MARS Coinvestigators. Untreated brain arteriovenous malformation: patientlevel meta-analysis of hemorrhage predictors. Neurology. 2014;83:590–7. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000688.
- Hernesniemi JA, Dashti R, Juvela S, Väärt K, Niemelä M, Laakso A. Natural history of brain arteriovenous malformations: a long-term follow-up study of risk of hemorrhage in 238 patients. Neurosurgery. 2008;63:823–829. doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000330401.82582.5E.
- Sahlein DH, Mora P, Becske T, et al. Features predictive of brain arteriovenous malformation hemorrhage: extrapolation to a physiologic model. Stroke 2014;45(7):1964–1970.
- Mast H, Young WL, Koennecke HC et al. Risk of spontaneous hemorrhage after diagnosis of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Lancet 1997;350:1065-8. 7.
- A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain AVMs (ARUBA). www.arubastudy.org consulté le 22/09/22
- Derdeyn CP, Zipfel GJ, Albuquerque FC et al. Management of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2017;48:e200-e224. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000134.
- Stefani MA, Porter PJ, terBrugge KG, Montanera W, Willinsky RA, Wallace MC: Large and deep brain arteriovenous malformations are associated with risk of future hemorrhage. Stroke 33:1220–1224, 2002
- Ogilvy CS, Stieg PE, Awad I et al.AHA scientiific statement : Recommendations for the management of intracranial arteriovenous malformations : a statement for healthcare professionnal from a special writing group of the stroke council, American Stroke Association, Stroke. Journal of cerbral circulation 2001 ;32 :1458-71.
- Abecassis IJ, Xu DS, Hunt Batjer H, et al. Natural history of brain arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review. Neurosurg Focus 2014 ;37 (3) :1-11.
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: ARandomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (ARUBA). May 9, 2013 (http://www.ninds.nih. gov/news_and_events/news_articles/ARUBA_trial_results. htm) [Accessed July 16, 2014]
- Knopman J, Stieg PE. Management of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations. Lancet 2014;383:581–3,
- Lawton MT. The role of AVM microsurgery in the aftermath of a randomized trial of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015;36:617–9.
- Potts MB, Lau D, Abla AA, et al. Current surgical results with low-grade brain arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg 2015;122:912–20.
- Van Beijnum J, Van der Worp HB, Buis DR et al. Traitment of brain malformation : a systematic review and analysis. JAMA 2011 ;306 :2011-9.
- Hamilton MG, Speltzer RF. The prospective application of grading system for arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurg 1994 ; 34 :2-7.
- Wu EM, El Ahmadieh TY, McDougall CM, et al. Embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations with intent to cure: a systematic review. J Neurosurg 2019;1:1–12.
- Mukherji RK, Bevacizumak (Avastin). AJNR american J neuroradiol 2010 ;31 : 235-6.
- Rinkel GJ, Prins NE, Algra A. Outcome of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients on anticoagulant treatment. Stroke 1997;28(1):6–9.
- Sturiale CL, Pignotti F, Giordano M, et al. Antithrombotic therapy and intracranial bleeding in subjects with sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations: preliminary results from a retrospective study. Intern Emerg Med 2018;13(8):1227–32.
References
Delaitre M. Malformations arterio-veineuses thalamiques : modes de présentation clinique, angio-architecture et prise en charge thérapeutique. Thèse Fac Med Paris Descartes2018.
Panciani PP, Fontanella M, Carlino C. et al. Progressive spontaneous occlusion of cerebellar AMV : pathogenesis hypothesisand review of literatue. Clinical Neurol and Neurosurg 2008 ;110 :502-10.
https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-02276313/document.
Al-Shahi R. Prevalence of adults with brain arteriovenous malformations: a community based study in Scotland using capture recapture analysis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2002;73(5): 547-51.
Kim H, Su H, Weinsheimer S, Pawlikowska L, Young WL. Brain arteriovenous malformation pathogenesis: A response-to-injury paradigm. In: Zhang JH, Colohan A, editors. Intracerebral Hemorrhage Research: From Bench to Bedside. Germany: Springer; pp. 83–92. 1112011.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01162450/document
The arteriovenous malformation study Group. Arteriovenous malformations of brain in adults. The new Engl J of Med 1999 ;340 :1812-8.
Brown RD, jr, Wiebers DO, Torner JC et al. Frequency of intracranial hemorrhage as apresenting symptom and subtype analysis : a population based study of intracranial vascular malformations in Olmsted country Minnesota. J Neurosurg 1996 ;85 :29-32.
https://www.orpha.net/data/patho/Emg/Int/fr/malformationArterioveineuse Cerebrale_FR_fr_EMG_ORPHA46724.pdf consulté le 22/09/22].
Morris Z, Whiteley WN, Longstreth WT Jr, Weber F, Lee YC, Tsushima Y, Alphs H, Ladd SC, Warlow C, Wardlaw JM, Al-Shahi Salman R. Incidental findings on brain magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2009;339:b3016
https://n.neurology.org/content/95/20/917 consulté le 21/10/22
Al-Shahi R, Warlow C. A systematic review of of the frequency and prognosis of arteriovenous malformation of the brain in adults. Brain 2001 ; 124 :1900-26.
Stapf C. Histoire naturelle des MAVc. La Lettre du Neurologue 2005 vol. IX - n° 10 :359-63.
Luessenhop AJ, Rosa L. Cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Indications for and results of surgery, and the role of intravascular techniques. J Neurosurg 1984 Jan;60(1):14-22.
Brown Jr. RD, Wiebers DO, Forbes G et al. The natural history of unruptured intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Journ Neurosurg 1988 ; 63 (3) :352-7.
Gross BA, Du R. Natural history of arteriovenous malformations : a mete analysis. J Neurosurg 2013 ;118 :437-43.
Hofmeister C, Stapf C, Hartmann A et al. Demographic , morphological, and clinical characteristic of 1289 patientswith arteriovenous malformations. Stroke 2000 ; 31 :1307-1.
Mohr JP, Hartmann A, Mast H et al. Arteriovenous malformations and other vascular anomalies. In: Mohr JP, Choi D, Grotta JC, Weir B, Wolf PA (eds). Stroke: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Harcourt Health Sciences, USA, 4th edition, 2004, chapter 27.
Schimmel K et al. Arteriovenous Malformations—Current Understanding of the Pathogenesis with Implications for Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021 ; v.22(16);
Laakso A, Hernesniemi J. Arteriovenous Malformations: Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation. Neurosurgery Clinics of North America. 2012;23(1): 1-6.
https://www.neuro chirurgie-lariboisiere.com/mav/ consulté le 22/09/22
Osipov A, Koennecke HC, Hartmann A, et al. Seizures in cerebral arteriovenous malformations : type, clinical course and medical management. Interv Neuroradiol 1997 ;3 :37-41.
Josephson CB, White PM, Krishan A, Al‐Shahi SR. Computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance angiography for detection of intracranial vascular malformations in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;9:CD009372 10.1002/14651858.CD009372.
Imbesi SG, Knox K, Kerber CW. Reproducdibility analysis of new method for measuring arteriovenous malformations nidus size at angiography. AJNR am j. Neuroradiol 2002 ;23 :412-5.
Chowdhury AH, Khan SU, Rahman KM et al. Clinical and morphological pattern of brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh. BMC Res Notes. 2015; 8: 745.
Franck Aurelien Chouamou Cheumaga et al. Malformation artérioveineuse occipitale: à propos d’un cas. PAMJ Clinical Medicine. 2020;4(5). 10.11604/pamj-cm.2020.4.5.24703
Bharatha A, Faughnan ME, Kim H, et al. Brain arteriovenous malformation multiplicity predicts the diagnosis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: quantitative assessment. Stroke 2012;43(1):72–78.
Solomon RA, Connolly ES. Arteriovenous malformations of the brain. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(5):498 10.1056/NEJMc1707399.
Kim H, Al-Shahi Salman R, McCulloch CE, Stapf C, Young WL; MARS Coinvestigators. Untreated brain arteriovenous malformation: patientlevel meta-analysis of hemorrhage predictors. Neurology. 2014;83:590–7. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000688.
Hernesniemi JA, Dashti R, Juvela S, Väärt K, Niemelä M, Laakso A. Natural history of brain arteriovenous malformations: a long-term follow-up study of risk of hemorrhage in 238 patients. Neurosurgery. 2008;63:823–829. doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000330401.82582.5E.
Sahlein DH, Mora P, Becske T, et al. Features predictive of brain arteriovenous malformation hemorrhage: extrapolation to a physiologic model. Stroke 2014;45(7):1964–1970.
Mast H, Young WL, Koennecke HC et al. Risk of spontaneous hemorrhage after diagnosis of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Lancet 1997;350:1065-8. 7.
A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain AVMs (ARUBA). www.arubastudy.org consulté le 22/09/22
Derdeyn CP, Zipfel GJ, Albuquerque FC et al. Management of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2017;48:e200-e224. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000134.
Stefani MA, Porter PJ, terBrugge KG, Montanera W, Willinsky RA, Wallace MC: Large and deep brain arteriovenous malformations are associated with risk of future hemorrhage. Stroke 33:1220–1224, 2002
Ogilvy CS, Stieg PE, Awad I et al.AHA scientiific statement : Recommendations for the management of intracranial arteriovenous malformations : a statement for healthcare professionnal from a special writing group of the stroke council, American Stroke Association, Stroke. Journal of cerbral circulation 2001 ;32 :1458-71.
Abecassis IJ, Xu DS, Hunt Batjer H, et al. Natural history of brain arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review. Neurosurg Focus 2014 ;37 (3) :1-11.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: ARandomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (ARUBA). May 9, 2013 (http://www.ninds.nih. gov/news_and_events/news_articles/ARUBA_trial_results. htm) [Accessed July 16, 2014]
Knopman J, Stieg PE. Management of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations. Lancet 2014;383:581–3,
Lawton MT. The role of AVM microsurgery in the aftermath of a randomized trial of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015;36:617–9.
Potts MB, Lau D, Abla AA, et al. Current surgical results with low-grade brain arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg 2015;122:912–20.
Van Beijnum J, Van der Worp HB, Buis DR et al. Traitment of brain malformation : a systematic review and analysis. JAMA 2011 ;306 :2011-9.
Hamilton MG, Speltzer RF. The prospective application of grading system for arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurg 1994 ; 34 :2-7.
Wu EM, El Ahmadieh TY, McDougall CM, et al. Embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations with intent to cure: a systematic review. J Neurosurg 2019;1:1–12.
Mukherji RK, Bevacizumak (Avastin). AJNR american J neuroradiol 2010 ;31 : 235-6.
Rinkel GJ, Prins NE, Algra A. Outcome of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients on anticoagulant treatment. Stroke 1997;28(1):6–9.
Sturiale CL, Pignotti F, Giordano M, et al. Antithrombotic therapy and intracranial bleeding in subjects with sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations: preliminary results from a retrospective study. Intern Emerg Med 2018;13(8):1227–32.