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RÉSUMÉ
Background. The prevalence of urinary incontinence increases with age and frailty. Despite its negative impact on quality of life, urinary incontinence remains underdiagnosed and underreported. Objective. To determine the prevalence and correlates of urinary incontinence in acute geriatric care. Methods. Records of all patients aged 65 and over consecutively admitted in the Acute Geriatric Unit of the Yaounde Central Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were reviewed. Sociodemographic, clinical and biological data were collected. Urinary incontinence was assessed using the Katz Activities of Daily Living scale. Other geriatric syndromes included activities of daily living disability, delirium, falls, pressure ulcers and polypharmacy. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and a logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with urinary incontinence. A p-value less than 0.05 was statistically significant. Results. Three hundred and one patients were admitted during the study period of whom 62.5% (n=188) presented with urinary incontinence. The majority of patients presenting urinary incontinence were female (n=106, 56.4%) and aged 75 and above (n=131, 69.7%). About 17% (n=32) patients had transient urinary incontinence during hospitalization. A urinary tract infection was found in 12% (n=23) of patients. Factors independently associated with urinary incontinence were cerebrovascular diseases (OR 2.99 95%CI 1.03-8.7, p=0.043), delirium (OR 4.4 95%CI 2.3-8.43, p<0.001) and pressure ulcers (OR 8.6 95%CI 2.3-14.3, p=0.005). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher among patients with urinary incontinence (p<0.001). Conclusion. Urinary incontinence is highly prevalent among older patients in acute geriatric care in our setting. Delirium, cerebrovascular disorders and pressure ulcers represent major correlates in hospitalized older patients.
ABSTRACT
Contexte. La prévalence de l'incontinence urinaire augmente avec l'âge et la fragilité. Malgré son impact négatif sur la qualité de vie, l'incontinence urinaire reste sous-diagnostiquée et sous-déclarée. Objectif. Déterminer la prévalence et les facteurs associés à l'incontinence urinaire en soins gériatriques aigus. Matériel et methods.  Nous avons inclus les dossiers de tous les patients âgés de 65 ans et plus admis dans le service de gériatrie de l'Hôpital Central de Yaoundé de janvier 2019 à décembre 2021. Des données sociodémographiques, cliniques et biologiques ont été recueillies. L'incontinence urinaire a été évaluée à l'aide de l'échelle Katz pour les activités de la vie quotidienne. Les autres syndromes gériatriques comprenaient la dépendance pour les activités de la vie quotidienne, la confusion, les chutes, les escarres et la polymédication. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide de SPSS 23.0 et une régression logistique a été effectuée pour identifier les facteurs associés à l'incontinence urinaire. Une valeur de p inférieure à 0,05 était statistiquement significative. Résultats. Trois cent et un patients ont été inclus dont 62,5 % (n = 188) présentaient une incontinence urinaire. La majorité des patients présentant une incontinence urinaire étaient des femmes (n = 106, 56,4 %) et étaient âgés de 75 ans et plus (n = 131, 69,7 %). Environ 17 % (n = 32) des patients ont eu une incontinence urinaire transitoire pendant l'hospitalisation. Une infection urinaire a été retrouvée chez 12 % (n=23) des patients. Les facteurs indépendamment associés à l'incontinence urinaire étaient les affections cérébrovasculaires (OR 2,99 IC à 95 % 1,03-8,7, p = 0,043), la confusion (OR 4,4 IC à 95 % 2,3-8,43, p<0,001) et les escarres (OR 8,6 IC à 95% 2,3-14,3; p=0,005). La mortalité hospitalière était significativement plus élevée chez les patients ayant une incontinence urinaire (p<0,001). Conclusion. L’incontinence urinaire est fréquente chez les patients âgés en soins gériatriques aigus dans notre contexte. La confusion, les affections cérébrovasculaires et les escarres sont les principaux facteurs associés chez les patients âgés hospitalisés.

Keywords

urinary incontinence geriatric syndromes Cameroon incontinence urinaire syndromes geriatriques Cameroun

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Marie-Josiane , N. E., Mekeme Mekeme, J., Fouda, J. C., Epoupa Ngalle, F., Mballa Mba, R. M., & Fouda, P. J. (2023). Urinary Incontinence and Associated Factors in Older Patients in a Cameroonian Geriatric Care Unit: A Retrospective Study. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 24(4). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v24i4.4238
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