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Abstract
Introduction. L’objectif de l’étude était de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques des cancers gynécologiques et mammaires à l’hôpital Général de Douala. Méthodologie. Il s’agit d’une étude descriptive rétrospective menée du 1er janvier 2010 au 31 décembre 2019. Nous avons inclus tous les cancers gynécologiques et mammaires primitifs histologiquement prouvés. Résultats. La fréquence annuelle des cancers gynécologiques et mammaires était de 57,9 cas. L’âge moyen des malades était de 52,57±13 ans. Les cancers étaient rares avant 30 ans (2,60%). On retrouvait les cancers du sein (49,22%), du col (38,17%), de l’endomètre (5,87%), de l’ovaire (4,67%), de la vulve (1,73%), du vagin et de la trompe (0,17%). Les cancers étaient plus fréquents entre [40 et 50[ ans (30,87%)pour le sein; [50 et 60[ ans (36,20%) pour le col et l’ovaire ; 60 ans et plus pour l’endomètre. Le cancer de la vulve était bimodal : entre [30 et 40[ ans et à 60 ans et plus, 2/3 de ces patientes étaient infectés au VIH. Le stade III était prédominant (40,4%), tendance plus marquée pour le sein et l’ovaire. Conclusion. La fréquence des cancers gynécologiques et mammaires est élevée. Le sein est le plus atteint, suivi du col. Le cancer du sein est le plus précoce entre 40 et 50 ans. Les cancers gynécologiques surviennent après 50 ans. Cependant, la vulve peut être atteinte avant 40 ans, sur un terrain immunodéprimé. Ils sont diagnostiqués à un stade avancé. Il importe d’intensifier la sensibilisation et le dépistage des cancers gynécologiques et mammaires dans notre milieu.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. The aim of the study was to specify the epidemiological and clinical aspects of gynecological and breast cancers at the Douala General Hospital. Methodology. This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. We included all the cases of histologically proven primary gynecological and breast cancers managed at the Douala General Hospital. Results. The annual frequency of gynecological and breast cancers was 57.9 cases. The mean age was 52.57±13 years. Cancers were rare before the age of 30(2,60%).Cancers of the breast (49.22%), cervix (38.17%), endometrium (5.87%), ovary (4.67%), vulva (1. 73%), vagina and tube (0.17%) were found. Breast cancers were more frequent between [40-50[years old, those of the cervix and ovary between [50-60[ years old (36,20%), while that of the endometrium mostly occurred at 60 years old and over .the vulvar cancer was bimodal: between [30-40[ years old and 60 years old and over ,2/3 of these being infected with HIV. Those cancers were diagnosed in advanced stages. Conclusion. The frequency of gynecological and breast cancers is high at the Douala General Hospital. The breast is the most affected, followed by the cervix. Breast cancer is mostly seen between [40-50[years old. Gynecological cancers occur after 50 years of age. However, the vulva can be affected before 40 years, in an immunocompromised environment. It is important to increase awareness and screening for gynecological and breast cancers in our community.
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References
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References
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- Siegel RL, Miller LK, Ahmedian J. Cancer statistic 2018. Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(1):7‑30.
- Defossez G, Le Guyader-Peyrou S, Uhry Z, Grosclaude P, Colonna M, Dantonny E, et al. Estimations nationales de l’incidence et de la mortalité par cancer en France métropolitaine entre 1990 et 2018. volume 1-Tumeurs solides. [Internet]. 2019. Disponible sur: https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/
- Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Mathers C, Parkin DM, Piñeros M, et al.Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortalityin 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. Int J Cancer. 2019;144(8):1941–53.
- TonatoBagnan JA, Denakpo JL, Aguida B, Hounkpatin L, Lokossou A, De Souza J, et al. Epidemiology of the gynecological and mammary cancer to the HOMEL and in the CUGO Cotonou, Bénin. Bull Cancer (Paris). 2013;100(2):141-6.
- DJimeliKemo AD, Nkegoum B, Nangue C, Djuikwo F, Bita’a LB, Tebeu PM. Histo-epidemiological aspects of gynecological and breast cancers at the University teaching Hospital of Yaoundé. Pan Afr Med J. 2019; 33:130.
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- Sando Z, FouogueTsuala J, FouelifackYmele FY, Fouedjio JH, Mboudou T, EssameOyono J. Profil des cancers gynécologiques et mammaires à Yaoundé-Cameroun. Pan Afr Med J. 2014; 17:28.
- Al mohammadi NH. The pattern of gynecologicalmalignancies in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarahregion, SaudiArabia. Saudi Med J. 2022;43(3):283-90.
- Diop PS, Ka I, Ndiaye N, Fall B. Cancers gynécologiques et mammaires à l’hôpital Général de Grand-Yoff de Dakar : analyse et implications des aspects épidémiologiques à propos de 169 cas. J Afr Cancer. 2012;4(3):176-9.
- Hounkponou NFM, Brun L, Ahouingnan AY, Balle MC, Hodonou A, Koumbo M. Aspects épidémiologiques des cancers gynécologiques et mammaires au Bénin de 2005 à 2015. Journal de la SAGO. 2017;18 (2),35-9.
- Amégbor K, Alfa AK, Darré T, Napo-Koura GA, Akpadza K. Aspects épidémiologiques et histopathologiques des cancers gynéco-mammaires au Togo. Med Trop. 2011;71: 451-3.
- Hailu HE, Mondul AM, Rozek LS, Geleta T. Descriptive Epidemiology of breast and gynecological cancers among patients attending Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ethiopia. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(3) : e0230625. https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230625.
- Dem A, Traoré B, Dieng MM, et al. Gynaecological and breast cancers at the Dakar Cancer Institute. Sante. 2008; 18(1):25- 9.
- Omotoso AJ, Odusolu P, Ekpe EL, Okon U, Oshatuyi O. GynaecologicalMalignancies in Calabar, Nigeria: A TertiaryHospitalBasedStudy. ARJGO. 2018; 1(1): 1-9.
- Nkyekyer K. Pattern of gynaecological cancers in Ghana. East African Medical Journal. 2000; 77(10): 534-48.
- Sarkar M, Konar H, Raut D. Clinico-pathologicalfeatures of gynecological malignancies in a tertiary care hospital in EasternIndia: importance of strengtheningprimaryhealth care in prevention and earlydetection. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(6):3541-7.
- Ethirajan S, Mohanapriya D, Aarthi C. Study on pattern of gynaecological malignancies at Saveeth a MedicalCollege and Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India. Int J ReprodContraceptObstetGynecol 2018; 7: 3343-7.
- Engbang JP, Koh VM, Nguefack CT, Fewou A. Aspects histo-épidémiologiques des cancers génitaux de la femme dans la région du Littoral, Cameroun. Pan Afr Med J. 2015;21:116. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2015.21.116.6755.
- Yamagami W, Aoki D. Annual report of the Committee on GynecologicOncology, the Japan society of Obstetrics and Gynecology: TreatmentAnnual Report of JSOG for 2007. J ObstetgynaecolRes. 2015;41(12):1861-9.
- Gultekin M, Dundar S, Kucukyildiz I, Karaca MZ, Boztas G, Turan SH, et al.Survival of gynecological cancers in Turkey: where are we at? J GynecolOncol. 2017 Nov; 28(6): e85. Published online 2017 Sep 9. doi: 10.3802/jgo.2017.28.e85.
- Hampl M, Deckers-Figiel S, Hampl JA, Rein D, Bender HG. New aspects of vulvar cancer: changes in localization and age of onset. GynecologicOncology. 2008;109(3):340–5.
- Dargent D. Cancer de la vulve. Rev Prat. 1997;47(15):1684–9.
- Hawes SE, Critchlow CW, Sow PS, Toure P, N´Doye I, Diop A, et al. Incident high-grade squamousintraepitheliallesions in Senegalesewomenwith and withouthumanimmunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98(2):100–9.
- Joura EA. Epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of vulvar intra epithelialneoplasia. CurrentOpinObstetGynecol. 2002;14(1):39–43.