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RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Au Cameroun, la prévalence de candidose buccale chez les enfants est de 11%. L’objectif de notre étude est de déterminer le profil épidémiologique de la candidose buccale chez les nouveau-nés et les nourrissons à Yaoundé afin d’en prévenir les complications. Méthodologie. Il s’agissait d’une étude descriptive et analytique avec une collecte prospective des données. L’étude s’est déroulée dans le service de pédiatrie de l’Hôpital Gynéco-obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé (HGOPY) sur une période de sept mois, allant du 1er novembre 2023 au 31 mai 2024. Elle concernait tous les enfants âgés de 0 à 24 mois vus en consultation ambulatoire. Résultats. Durant cette période, 356 enfants ont été examinés parmi lesquels 50 d’entre eux présentaient un muguet soit une incidence de 14%. Parmi ces derniers, 26 cas (52%) étaient de sexe féminin et 35 (70%) avaient moins de six mois. La principale forme clinique était la candidose buccale pseudomembraneuse. Les facteurs associés à celle-ci étaient : la prise antérieure d’antibiotiques à larges spectre [ORa 4,01 (10,69 ; 16,84) ; P=0,00] et l’absence du nettoyage des mamelons/aréoles avant l’allaitement [ORa 9,4 (0,37 ;4,42) ; P=0,04] alors que le lavage systématique des mains avant l’allaitement des nouveau-nés et/ou nourrissons préservait de la contamination [ORa 12,9 (7,41 ; 9,67) ; P=0,0001]. Conclusion. La candidose buccale était fréquente chez les enfants de moins de six mois avec une prédominance féminine, concernant un nourrisson sur sept avec comme principale forme la candidose pseudomembraneuse. Ses principaux facteurs déterminants sont évitables par des mesures d’hygiène avant l’alimentation du nourrisson.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. In Cameroon, the prevalence of oral candidiasis in children is 11%. The aim of our study was to determine the epidemiological profile of oral candidiasis in newborns and infants in Yaoundé in order to prevent complications. Methodology. This was a descriptive and analytical study with prospective data collection. The study took place in the paediatric ward of the Yaoundé Gynaecological-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital (HGOPY) over a period of seven months, from 1 November 2023 to 31 May 2024. All children aged 0 to 24 months seen as outpatients were included. Results. During this period, 356 children were examined, 50 of whom had thrush, an incidence of 14%. Of these, 26 (52%) were female and 35 (70%) were less than six months old. The main clinical form was pseudomembranous oral candidiasis. The factors associated with pseudomembranous candidiasis were: previous use of broad-spectrum antibiotics [ORa 4.01 (10.69; 16.84); P=0.00] and failure to clean the nipples/areolas before breastfeeding [ORa 9.4 (0.37; 4.42); P=0.04], whereas systematic hand washing of newborns and/or infants before breastfeeding prevented contamination [ORa 12.9 (7.41; 9.67); P=0.0001]. Conclusion. Oral candidiasis was common in children under six months of age, with a female predominance, affecting one in seven infants, the main form being pseudomembranous candidiasis. Its main determining factors can be prevented by hygiene measures prior to infant feeding.

Keywords

Oral candidiasis newborns infants Yaoundé Candidose buccale nouveau-nés nourrissons Yaoundé

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Kago-Tague Daniel Armand, Nkoro Ombede Anita Grâce, Amani Todou Clémence, Kouam Mewa Euranie Jeannette, Tchouamo Sime Annick Arielle, & Zoung-Kanyi Bissek Anne Cécile. (2024). Oral Candidiasis in Children Aged 0 to 24 Months in Yaoundé: Epidemioclinical Findings: La Candidose Buccale chez les Enfants de 0 à 24 Mois à Yaoundé : Profil Épidémiologique et Clinique. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 25(12). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v25i12.6266
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