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Abstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. L’objectif de ce travail était d’étudier l’hypotension au cours de la rachianesthésie pour césarienne chez les patientes présentant une pré-éclampsie (groupe PE) en comparaison avec les patientes non pathologiques (groupe NPE). Patientes et Méthodes. Il s’agit d’une étude prospective et comparative sur six mois après approbation du comité d’éthique de notre établissement. Nous avons inclus les patientes opérées pour césariennes sous rachianesthésie. Le critère de regroupement était la présence ou non d’une pré-éclampsie. Les variables étudiées étaient l’hypotension, sa sévérité et les moyens thérapeutiques. L’analyse statistique a été réalisée avec le logiciel SPSS 20.0, en utilisant les tests de Student, de Man Withney et de Khi 2 avec un seuil de significativité de 0,05. Résultats. Nous avons colligé 113 patientes d’âge moyen de 28,19±6,42 ans, avec un terme moyen de grossesse de 38,41±2,83 semaines d’aménorrhées. Le taux d’hypotension induite était de 65,61% dans le groupe des patientes sans prééclampsie et de 34,67% chez les patientes pré-éclamptiques (p<0,001). Les besoins en éphédrine pour la correction de l’hypotension étaient de 3,45±3,15 mg pour le groupe NPE versus 8,98±4,40 mg pour le groupe PE, (p<0,001), le volume de sérum physiologique perfusé en remplissage vasculaire était de 870,55±181,33 ml (NPE) versus 635,12±99,98 ml (PE), (p<0,001). Conclusion. L’hypotension est moins fréquente et moins sévère chez la pré-éclamptique par apport à la non prééclamptique au cours de la rachianesthésie pour césarienne.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. The aim of this work was to assess hypotension occurring during intrathecal anesthesia for cesarean section in patients with preeclampsia (PE group) in comparison with women without preeclampsia (NPE group). Patients and Methods. This was a prospective and comparative study performed during six months. The population study included women operated for cesarean section under intrathecal anesthesia. The discriminative criterion was the presence or absence of preeclampsia and study variables were the occurrence of induced hypotension, its severity and the type of management. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 20.0; Student and Khi2 tests were used for comparison with alpha error of 0,05 The protocol was approved by our ethical review board.. Results. We recruited 113 patients. Their mean chronological age was 28.19±6.42 years, and the mean gestational age was 38.41 ±2.83 weeks. Intrathecal anesthesia induced hypotension occurred in 65.61% of non preeclamptic women and involved 34.67% of women in the group with preeclampsia (p<0,001). The use of intravenous ephedrine to treat hypotension was 3.45±3.15 mg in PE group versus 8.98±4.40 mg for NPE patients (p<0,001). The volume of normal saline used for vascular filling was 870.55±181.33 ml in PE patients versus 635.12±99.98 ml in NPE patients, (p<0,001). Conclusion. Hypotension following intrathecal anesthesia is less frequent and less severe in preeclamptic Malian women during cesarean section.
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References
- Sprunck A, Collange O, Pottecher T. Pré-éclampsie, éclampsie, HELLP syndrome : définitions, éléments de diagnostic et de prise en charge. 51e Congrès national d'anesthésie et de réanimation. Médecins. Urgences vitales 2009, p. 1-9
- Palei AC, Spradley FT, Warrington JP, George EM, Granger JP. Pathophysiology of Hypertension in Preeclampsia: A Lesson in Integrative Physiology. Acta Physiol 2013; 208(3):224-233.
- Rosenberger C, Fähling M. Selective endothelin inhibition in diabetic nephropathy: is it the icing on the cake? Acta Physiol 2014 ; 212(1) : 1–4.
- Ghiglione S, Pottecher J, Tsatsaris V, Mignon A. Pré-éclampsie et éclampsie :
- données actuelles. Congrès national d'anesthésie et de réanimation. Elsevier Masson SAS. Conférences d'actualisation 2007. p. 205-215.
- Sri W, Widowati W. Evaluation of anaesthesia methods in caesarean section for foetal distress. Malays J Med Sci. 2007; 14(2): 41–46.
- Reynolds F, Seed PT. Anaesthesia for caesarean section and neonatal acid-base status: a meta-analysis. Anaesthesia 2005; 60: 636-653.
- Duflo F, Allaouchiche B, Chassard D. Urgences anesthésiques obstétricales ; Conférences d'actualisation 2000, p. 43-60.
- McDonnell NJ, Paech MJ, Clavisi OM, Scott KL. Difficult and failed intubation in obstetrican anesthesia: an observational study of airway management and complications associated with general an anesthesia for caesarean section. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia (2008) 17, 292–297.
- Afolayan JM, Olajumoke TO, Esangbedo SE, Edomwonyi P. Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section in pregnant women with fetal distress: time for reappraisal. Int J Biomed Sci. 2014; 10(2): 103–110.
- Mercier FJ, Bonnet MP, De la Dorie A, Moufouki M, Banu F, Hanaf A, Edouard D, Roger-Christoph S. Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: fluid loading, vasopressors and hypotension. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2007;26:688-93.
- Bonnet MP, Le Gouez A, Frédéric JM. Hypotension et rachianesthésie pour césarienne : vasopresseurs, amidons et cristalloïdes. Mapar 2008 :411-418.
- Dick W, Traub E, Kraus H et al. General anesthesia versus epidural anaesthesia for primary caesarean section- a comparative study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1992;9:15-21
- Bonnet MP, Bruyère M, Moufouki M, De la Dorie A, Benhamou D. Anaesthesia, a cause of fetal distress? Ann Fr AnesthReanim. 2007; 26(7-8):694-8.
- Dresner MR, Freeman JM. Anaesthesia for caesarean section. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2001; 15(1): 127-143.
- Maharaj D. Intrapartum Fetal Resuscitation: A Review. The Internet Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2007 ; 9(2):1-11.
- Aya AG, Vialles N, Tanoubi I, Mangin R, Ferrer JM, Robert C, Ripart J, De La Coussaye JE. Spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension: a risk comparison between patients with severe preeclampsia and healthy women undergoing preterm cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg. 2005;101:869–75.
- Henke VG, Bateman BT, Leffert LR. Spinal anesthesia in severe preeclampsia. Anesth Analg. 2013 ;117(3) : 686-693.
- Sharwood-Smith G, Clark V, Watson E. Regional anaesthesia for caesarean section in severe preeclampsia: spinal anaesthesia is the preferred choice. Int J Obstet Anesth. 1999; 8(2):85-9.
- Antoine G, Aya M, Mangin R, Vialles N. Patients with severe preeclampsia experience less hypotension during spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery than healthy parturients: A Prospective Cohort Comparison. Anesth Analg 2003;97:867–72.
- Lecler T, Mercier FJ. Gestion de l’hypotension induite par l’anesthésie péri médullaire. Elsevier Masson SAS. Conférences d’actualisation 2006. p85-94.
- Nyberg M, Mortensen SP , Hellsten Y. Physical activity opposes the age-related increase in skeletal muscle and plasma endothelin-1 levels and normalizes plasma endothelin-1 levels in individuals with essential hypertension. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013. 207, 524–535.
References
Sprunck A, Collange O, Pottecher T. Pré-éclampsie, éclampsie, HELLP syndrome : définitions, éléments de diagnostic et de prise en charge. 51e Congrès national d'anesthésie et de réanimation. Médecins. Urgences vitales 2009, p. 1-9
Palei AC, Spradley FT, Warrington JP, George EM, Granger JP. Pathophysiology of Hypertension in Preeclampsia: A Lesson in Integrative Physiology. Acta Physiol 2013; 208(3):224-233.
Rosenberger C, Fähling M. Selective endothelin inhibition in diabetic nephropathy: is it the icing on the cake? Acta Physiol 2014 ; 212(1) : 1–4.
Ghiglione S, Pottecher J, Tsatsaris V, Mignon A. Pré-éclampsie et éclampsie :
données actuelles. Congrès national d'anesthésie et de réanimation. Elsevier Masson SAS. Conférences d'actualisation 2007. p. 205-215.
Sri W, Widowati W. Evaluation of anaesthesia methods in caesarean section for foetal distress. Malays J Med Sci. 2007; 14(2): 41–46.
Reynolds F, Seed PT. Anaesthesia for caesarean section and neonatal acid-base status: a meta-analysis. Anaesthesia 2005; 60: 636-653.
Duflo F, Allaouchiche B, Chassard D. Urgences anesthésiques obstétricales ; Conférences d'actualisation 2000, p. 43-60.
McDonnell NJ, Paech MJ, Clavisi OM, Scott KL. Difficult and failed intubation in obstetrican anesthesia: an observational study of airway management and complications associated with general an anesthesia for caesarean section. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia (2008) 17, 292–297.
Afolayan JM, Olajumoke TO, Esangbedo SE, Edomwonyi P. Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section in pregnant women with fetal distress: time for reappraisal. Int J Biomed Sci. 2014; 10(2): 103–110.
Mercier FJ, Bonnet MP, De la Dorie A, Moufouki M, Banu F, Hanaf A, Edouard D, Roger-Christoph S. Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: fluid loading, vasopressors and hypotension. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2007;26:688-93.
Bonnet MP, Le Gouez A, Frédéric JM. Hypotension et rachianesthésie pour césarienne : vasopresseurs, amidons et cristalloïdes. Mapar 2008 :411-418.
Dick W, Traub E, Kraus H et al. General anesthesia versus epidural anaesthesia for primary caesarean section- a comparative study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1992;9:15-21
Bonnet MP, Bruyère M, Moufouki M, De la Dorie A, Benhamou D. Anaesthesia, a cause of fetal distress? Ann Fr AnesthReanim. 2007; 26(7-8):694-8.
Dresner MR, Freeman JM. Anaesthesia for caesarean section. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2001; 15(1): 127-143.
Maharaj D. Intrapartum Fetal Resuscitation: A Review. The Internet Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2007 ; 9(2):1-11.
Aya AG, Vialles N, Tanoubi I, Mangin R, Ferrer JM, Robert C, Ripart J, De La Coussaye JE. Spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension: a risk comparison between patients with severe preeclampsia and healthy women undergoing preterm cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg. 2005;101:869–75.
Henke VG, Bateman BT, Leffert LR. Spinal anesthesia in severe preeclampsia. Anesth Analg. 2013 ;117(3) : 686-693.
Sharwood-Smith G, Clark V, Watson E. Regional anaesthesia for caesarean section in severe preeclampsia: spinal anaesthesia is the preferred choice. Int J Obstet Anesth. 1999; 8(2):85-9.
Antoine G, Aya M, Mangin R, Vialles N. Patients with severe preeclampsia experience less hypotension during spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery than healthy parturients: A Prospective Cohort Comparison. Anesth Analg 2003;97:867–72.
Lecler T, Mercier FJ. Gestion de l’hypotension induite par l’anesthésie péri médullaire. Elsevier Masson SAS. Conférences d’actualisation 2006. p85-94.
Nyberg M, Mortensen SP , Hellsten Y. Physical activity opposes the age-related increase in skeletal muscle and plasma endothelin-1 levels and normalizes plasma endothelin-1 levels in individuals with essential hypertension. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013. 207, 524–535.