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Abstract


RÉSUMÉ
Background. La santé des adolescents est une préoccupation actuelle. L’objectif de notre étude était d’analyser les problèmes de santé des adolescentes en milieu hospitalier. Méthodologie. Pendant 3 mois, nous avons mené une étude transversale rétrospective à la clinique des adolescents de l’Hôpital Gynéco-Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé.  Les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et cliniques de 335 adolescentes ayant consulté sur une période de 12 mois, du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 2016, ont été décrits. Résultats. La tranche d’âge de 15 à 19 ans était la plus représentée (88%).  Parmi ces adolescentes, 20,6% étaient mariées et 66,6% des élèves. Les motifs de consultation les plus fréquents étaient : la consultation prénatale (22,1%), les douleurs pelviennes (18,5%) et le saignement vaginal (17,3%). L’âge moyen du 1er coït était de 15 ans ± 1an.  La prévalence du VIH était de 4,8%. Parmi ces adolescentes, 21,5% avaient plus d’un partenaire sexuel, 12,8% déclaraient avoir déjà été victime d’une agression sexuelle, 22,4% avaient eu au moins un avortement, 44% consommaient de l’alcool et 10,5% du tabac, 50,4% avaient des dysménorrhées et 31,0% utilisaient une méthode moderne de contraception. Les diagnostics les plus fréquents étaient : les dysménorrhées (16,2%), les tumeurs bénignes du sein (12%), les troubles menstruels (11,6%). Un quart des patientes avaient été mises sous contraceptifs (24,5%). Conclusion. Les problèmes de santé des adolescents étaient dominés par des troubles du cycle menstruel et les conséquences d’une sexualité précoce. Le suivi psychosocial est un atout considérable de la prise en charge.
ABSTRACT
Background. Adolescents’ health constitutes a significant issue of interest. The objective of our study was to analyze the health challenges of adolescents in the hospital milieu. Patients and methods. We carried out a 3-month long retrospective cross-sectional study at the adolescent clinic of the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetrical and Paediatric Hospital. This enabled us describe the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of 335 adolescents who consulted between January 1 to December 31, 2016. Results. The 15-19 years old age range was the most represented (88%). Amongst these, 20.6% were married, and 66.6% were college students. The most frequent presenting complaints included: antenatal consultations (22.1%), pelvic pains (18.5%), per-vaginal bleeding (17.3%). The mean age at coitarche was 15years±1year. The HIV prevalence stood at 4.8%. Amongst the adolescents, 21.5% had more than one sexual partner, 12.8% declared to have survived sexual harassment, 22.4% had had at least an abortion, 44% and 10.5% consumed alcohol and tobacco respectively. Also, 51.4% complained of dysmenorrhoea, and 31% used a modern contraceptive method. The most frequent diagnosis included dysmenorrhoea (16.2%), benign breast tumours (12%), menstrual irregularities (11.6%). A quarter of these patients were administered a modern contraceptive method (24.5%). Conclusion. Adolescent health challenges are made up mostly of menstrual cycle irregularities as well as the consequences linked to their sexual activity. Psychosocial follow-up is a considerable asset for management.

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Essiben, F., Meka, E. J., Mve Koh, V., Simo, S., Dohbit, J. S., & Foumane, P. (2020). Consultations des Adolescentes à l’Hôpital Gynéco-Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé : Aspects Épidémiologiques et Cliniques à Propos de 335 Cas. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 21(4). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v21i4.1824
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