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Abstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. L’objectif de notre étude était de décrire les caractéristiques des sociodémographiques et cliniques des enfants admis au service de neurochirurgie de l’hôpital de l’amitié sino guinéenne pour hydrocéphalie congénitale. Matériels et méthodes. Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective et descriptive qui s’est déroulée du 1er janvier 2013 au 31 décembre 2016 et qui a concerné les dossiers des enfants âgés de 0 à 14 ans atteints d’hydrocéphalie congénitale confirmé par le scanner et/ou l’échographie transfontanellaire et qui ont été pris en charge à l’hôpital de l’amitié Sino Guinéenne. Résultats. Parmi 138 patients enregistrés, 31 avaient une hydrocéphalie congénitale soit 22,46%. Leur âge moyen était de 5,96 mois avec des extrêmes de 0,17 et 72 mois, pour un sex-ratio 1,38. Douze mères (39%) était âgées de 18-22 ans et 8 mères soit 26% avaient un âge supérieur 32 ans. Parmi les facteurs de risque retrouvés, 23 soit 74,19% ont fait une automédication au cours de la grossesse, 22 n’avaient pas eu de supplémentation en fer – acide folique. En outre, 24 patients avaient un lien de consanguinité. Parmi eux 10 soit 32% étaient issus d’une union consanguine de 1er degré (32%) et 8 d’une consanguinité de 2ème degré (26%), 6 d’une consanguinité de 3ème degré (19%). Les principaux signes cliniques étaient le regard en coucher de soleil, la macrocrânie évolutive, les ectasie des veines du chevelu et les vomissements. Conclusion. La prise en charge de l’hydrocéphalie congénitale est couteuse et doit passer par la prévention et la sensibilisation sur les facteurs de risque.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. The aim of our study was to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of affected children admitted to the neurosurgery department of the Sino-Guinean Friendship Hospital for congenital hydrocephalus. Methods. We conducted a retrospective cross sectional descriptive study that ran from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016 and involved the records of children aged 0 to 14 years with congenital hydrocephalus confirmed by CT scan and/or cerebral ultrasound and who were cared for at the Sino Guinean Friendship Hospital. Results. Out of 138 registered patients, 31 had congenital hydrocephalus, i.e. 22.46%. Their mean age was 5.96 months with extremes of 0.17 and 72 months. The sex ratio was 1.38. Twelve mothers (39%) were aged 18-22 years and 8 (26%) mothers were older than 32 years. Concerning risk factors, 23 (74.19%) mothers self-medicated during pregnancy and 22 did not have iron- folic acid supplementation. Twenty-four patients had parents with a consanguinity link between the 2 parents. Among them 10 (32%) were born from a 1st degree consanguinity and 8 (26%) from a 2nd degree consanguinity, while 6 (19%) from a 3rd degree consanguinity. The main clinical signs were downward gazing, progressive macrocrania, scalp vein dilatation and vomiting. Conclusion. The management of congenital hydrocephalus is costly and must include prevention and awareness of risk factors.
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References
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References
Tully H M, Capote R T, Saltzman B SMaternal and infant factors associated with infancy-onset hydrocephalus in Washington State. Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Neurol. 2015 March; 52(3): 320–325. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2014.10.030.
Munch T N, Rasmussen M H, Wohlfahrt J et al Risk factors for congenital hydrocephalus: a nationwide, register-based, cohort study Munch TN, et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014;85:1253–1259. doi :10.1136/jnnp-2013-306941
Kalyvas A V, Kalamatianos T et al Maternal environmental risk factors for congenital hydrocephalus: a systematic reviewhttp://thejns.org/doi/abs/10.3171/2016.8.FOCUS16280 Neurosurg Focus 41 (5): E3, 2016
TabarkiB et coll. Hydrocéphalies de l’enfant, aspects étiologiques et évolutifs. A propos de 86 observations ; RevMagreb Pédiatrie Mars – Avril 2001 ; vol. XI-II : 65-70
Kamla JI, Kamgaing N, FongangEN et al. Epidémiologie des Malformations Congénitales Visibles à la Naissance à Yaoundé. Health Sciences And Diseases, 2017 ; 2 ; 18(4) :53-62
Sabiri N, Kabiri M, Razine R et al.Congenital malformations risk factors: Prospective study of Rabat Souissi maternity in Morocco. Journal de pédiatrie 2013, 26(4): 198–203
Koren G, Goh I. Increasing folate supplementation for selected groups of Canadian women. J Obstet Gynaecol Canada. 2007;29(12):992–6. [PubMed] [Google Scholar
Wilson RD, Davies G, Désilets V, et al.The use of folic acid for the prevention of neural tube defects and other congenital abnormalities. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2003 ;25(11) :959–73. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Molloy AM, Mills JL, Kirke PN et al. Folate status and neural tube defects. Biofactors. 1999;10 (2-3): 291-4. PubMed | Google Scholar
Rosano A, Smith D, Sumiyoshi Y et al.Time trends in neural tube defects prevalence in relation to preventive strategies: an international study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999; 53 (10):630-5. PubMed | Google Scholar
Tapsoba TL, Sanon H, Soubeiga KJ et al Epidemiologic, clinical and CT, aspects hydrocephalus among children from 0 to 15 years (apropos of 53 patients colligated at the university hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo). Médecine Nucléaire 34S (2010) e3–e7
Wei D, Loeken MR. Increased DNA Methyltransferase 3b (Dnmt3b) -mediated CpG Island Methylation Stimulated by Oxidative Stress Inhibits Expression of a Gene Required for Neural Tube and Neural Crest Development in Diabetic Pregnancy. Diabetes. 2014
Knight KM, Thornburg LL, Pressman EK. Pregnancy outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients as compared with type 1 diabetic patients and non diabetic controls. The Journal of reproductive medicine. 2012 ;57 :397–404. [PubMed : 23091986]
Radouani MA, Chahid N, Benmiloud L, et al, Épidémiologie et facteurs de risque des anomalies de fermeture du tube neural : données marocaines Cite this : The Pan African Medical Journal. 2015, 22 :43. doi :10.11604/pamj.2015.22.43.5158