Main Article Content
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background. Type 1 diabetes in Africa poses a problem of diagnostic and therapeutic delay related to poverty and insufficient technical facilities in health services. The objective was to determine the clinical characteristics and therapeutic difficulties related to the management of type 1 diabetes in Bobo-Dioulasso. Materials and Methods. This was a cross-sectional study of type 1 diabetic patients followed as outpatients in the internal medicine department of the CHU-SS over a 2-year period. All diabetic patients aged less than 35 years at the time of discovery of diabetes, whose diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was retained based on the WHO criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and who met the clinical criteria for type 1 diabetes were included. Results. A total of 55 patients with type 1 diabetes were included. The sex ratio was 1.75. The mean age of the patients was 21.5 years. Leanness and overweight were noted in 27.3% and 14.5% of patients, respectively. Microangiopathy was present in 5.45% of patients. Diabetes was unbalanced in 74.4% of patients. Therapeutic difficulties were dominated by poor insulin storage (12.7%), therapeutic breakthrough (10.9%) and break in follow-up (25.5%). Death was noted in 3.6% of patients. Conclusion. Type 1 diabetes in Bobo has a male and adult face and difficulties marked by poor insulin conservation, therapeutic and follow-up failure.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Le diabète de type 1 en Afrique pose un problème de retard diagnostique et thérapeutique lié à la pauvreté et au plateau technique insuffisant des services de santé. L’objectif de ce travail était de déterminer les caractéristiques cliniques et les difficultés thérapeutiques liées à la prise en charge du diabète de type 1 à Bobo-Dioulasso. Matériels et Méthodes. Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale chez des patients diabétiques de type 1 suivis en ambulatoire dans le service de médecine interne du CHU-SS sur une période de 2 ans. Était inclus tout patient diabétique âgé de moins de 35 ans à la découverte du diabète, dont le diagnostic de diabète sucré a été retenu sur les critères OMS du diagnostic du diabète sucré et satisfaisant aux critères cliniques du diabète de type1. Résultats. Au total, 55 patients diabétiques de type 1 étaient inclus. Le sex ratio était de 1,75. L’âge moyen des patients était de 21,5 ans. Une maigreur et une surcharge pondérale ont été notées respectivement chez 27,3% et 14,5% des patients. Une microangiopathie était présente chez 5,45% des patients. Le diabète était déséquilibré chez 74,4% des patients. Les difficultés thérapeutiques ont été dominées par la mauvaise conservation de l’insuline (12,7%), la rupture thérapeutique (10,9%) et la rupture de suivi (25,5%). Un décès a été constaté chez 3,6% des patients. Conclusion. Le diabète de type 1 à bobo a un visage masculin et adulte. Les difficultés de traitement étaient souvent liées àr la mauvaise conservation de l’insuline, la rupture thérapeutique et de suivi.
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References
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- Bluestone JA, Herold K, Eisenbarth G. Genetics, pathogenesis and clinical interventions in type 1 diabetes. Nature. 2010 Apr 29;464(7293):1293–300.
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- Al Rashed AM. Pattern of presentation in type 1 diabetic patients at the diabetes center of a university hospital. Ann Saudi Med. 2011 Jun;31(3):243–9.
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- Lermusiaux P, Ferreira-Maldent N, Maillot F, Guilmot J-L. Angiopathies diabétiques. EMC - Angéiologie. 2006 Jan;1(1):1–10.
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- Dorchy H. [Management of children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus: personal experience]. Rev Med Brux. 2005 Sep;26(4):S246-254.
- Rami-Merhar B, Fröhlich-Reiterer E, Hofer S, Schober E. [Diabetes in the youth]. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2012 Dec;124 Suppl 2:70–3.
- Haddad M, Aouiche S, Akkache L, Kalafate N, Benarous S, Khalfellah M, Guecier AE, Boudiba A. Diabète de type 1 : impact de l’autosurveillance sur l’équilibre glycémique. Ann Endocrinol. 2014 Oct 1;75(5):324.
- Hoffman RP. Practical management of type 1 diabetes mellitus in adolescent patients: challenges and goals. Treat Endocrinol. 2004;3(1):27–39.
- Mokta JK, Kalra S. Insulin storage in the Upper Himalayas. Rural Remote Health. 2014;14(3):2983.
- Albergo R, Bunting J, Belsky MK, Fallon JJ. Insulin storage and injection recommendation. Diabetes Care. 1992 Aug;15(8):1113–4.
- Asao K, Sarti C, Forsen T, Hyttinen V, Nishimura R, Matsushima M, Reunanen A, Tuomilehto J, Tajima N. Long-Term Mortality in Nationwide Cohorts of Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in Japan and Finland. Diabetes Care. 2003 Jul 1;26(7):2037–42.
References
Pambou Damiens A, Ganga –Zandzou PS, Tsoucka Ibounde E, Kayemba-Kay’s S, Baye E, Biloghe P, Kakou C, Ntyonga-Pono P. Type 1 diabetes mellitus in Gabon: A study of epidemiological aspects. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2019 Sep;6(3):87–91.
Fédération Internationale du Diabète. Atlas du diabète de la FID, neuvième édition. [Internet]. Brussels,Belgium: International Diabetes Federation; 2019. Available from: www.diabetesatlas.org
Mobasseri M, Shirmohammadi M, Amiri T, Vahed N, Hosseini Fard H, Ghojazadeh M. Prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Promot Perspect. 2020 Mar 30;10(2):98–115.
Kondrashova A, Hyöty H. Role of viruses and other microbes in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Int Rev Immunol. 2014 Aug;33(4):284–95.
Bluestone JA, Herold K, Eisenbarth G. Genetics, pathogenesis and clinical interventions in type 1 diabetes. Nature. 2010 Apr 29;464(7293):1293–300.
Hober D, Sauter P. Pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus: interplay between enterovirus and host. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2010 May;6(5):279–89.
Motala AA, Omar MAK, Pirie FJ. Diabetes in Africa. Epidemiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Africa. J Cardiovasc Risk. 2003 Apr;10(2):77–83.
Majaliwa ES, Elusiyan BEJ, Adesiyun OO, Laigong P, Adeniran AK, Kandi CM, Yarhere I, Limbe SM, Iughetti L. Type 1 diabetes mellitus in the African population: epidemiology and management challenges. Acta Bio-Medica Atenei Parm. 2008 Dec;79(3):255–9.
Masson E. Diagnostic et classification du diabète sucré les nouveaux critères [Internet]. EM-Consulte. [cited 2021 May 1]. Available from: https://www.em-consulte.com/article/79784/diagnostic-et-classification-du-diabete-sucre-les-
Maahs DM, West NA, Lawrence JM, Mayer-Davis EJ. Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2010 Sep;39(3):481–97.
Atkinson MA, Eisenbarth GS, Michels AW. Type 1 diabetes. Lancet. 2014 Jan 4;383(9911):69–82.
Motala AA, Omar MAK, Pirie FJ. Diabetes in Africa. Epidemiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Africa. J Cardiovasc Risk. 2003 Apr;10(2):77–83.
Al Rashed AM. Pattern of presentation in type 1 diabetic patients at the diabetes center of a university hospital. Ann Saudi Med. 2011 Jun;31(3):243–9.
Mbanya JCN, Motala AA, Sobngwi E, Assah FK, Enoru ST. Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa. The Lancet. 2010 Jun 26;375(9733):2254–66.
Ugege O, Ibitoye PK, Jiya NM. Childhood diabetes mellitus in sokoto, north-western Nigeria: A ten year review. Sahel Med J [Internet]. [cited 2021 Apr 10]; Available from: https://www.smjonline.org/article.asp?issn=1118-8561;year=2013;volume=16;issue=3;spage=97;epage=101;aulast=Ugege
Gebre MW. Diabetes mellitus and associated diseases from Ethiopian perspective: Systematic review. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2013;27(3):249–53.
Kalk WJ, Raal FJ, Joffe BI. The prevalence and incidence of and risk factors for, micro-albuminuria among urban Africans with type 1 diabetes in South Africa: An inter-ethnic study. Int J Diabetes Mellit. 2010 Dec 1;2(3):148–53.
Ziegler R, Neu A. Diabetes in Childhood and Adolescence. Dtsch Arzteblatt Int. 2018 Mar 2;115(9):146–56.
Padoa CJ. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Africa. J Endocrinol Metab Diabetes South Afr. 2011 Dec 1;16(3):130–6.
Bouhours-Nouet N, Coutant R. Clinique et diagnostic du diabète de l’enfant. EMC - Pédiatrie. 2005 Aug 1;2(3):220–42.
Ou H-T, Lee T-Y, Li C-Y, Wu J-S, Sun Z-J. Incidence of diabetes-related complications in Chinese patients with type 1 diabetes: a population-based longitudinal cohort study in Taiwan. BMJ Open. 2017 Jun 21;7(6):e015117.
Lermusiaux P, Ferreira-Maldent N, Maillot F, Guilmot J-L. Angiopathies diabétiques. EMC - Angéiologie. 2006 Jan;1(1):1–10.
Dorchy H. [Treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents]. Rev Prat. 1996 Mar 1;46(5):577–86.
Dorchy H. [Management of children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus: personal experience]. Rev Med Brux. 2005 Sep;26(4):S246-254.
Rami-Merhar B, Fröhlich-Reiterer E, Hofer S, Schober E. [Diabetes in the youth]. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2012 Dec;124 Suppl 2:70–3.
Haddad M, Aouiche S, Akkache L, Kalafate N, Benarous S, Khalfellah M, Guecier AE, Boudiba A. Diabète de type 1 : impact de l’autosurveillance sur l’équilibre glycémique. Ann Endocrinol. 2014 Oct 1;75(5):324.
Hoffman RP. Practical management of type 1 diabetes mellitus in adolescent patients: challenges and goals. Treat Endocrinol. 2004;3(1):27–39.
Mokta JK, Kalra S. Insulin storage in the Upper Himalayas. Rural Remote Health. 2014;14(3):2983.
Albergo R, Bunting J, Belsky MK, Fallon JJ. Insulin storage and injection recommendation. Diabetes Care. 1992 Aug;15(8):1113–4.
Asao K, Sarti C, Forsen T, Hyttinen V, Nishimura R, Matsushima M, Reunanen A, Tuomilehto J, Tajima N. Long-Term Mortality in Nationwide Cohorts of Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in Japan and Finland. Diabetes Care. 2003 Jul 1;26(7):2037–42.