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RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Au Cameroun, le nombre d’enfants sous antirétroviraux (TARV) est en progression régulière. Les ARV sont responsables d’effets indésirables avec risque de maladies cardiovasculaires Le but de ce travail est d’identifier les facteurs associés à hypertension artérielle (HTA) chez les enfants sous TARV dans la ville de Yaoundé. Méthodes. Nous avons réalisé une étude transversale de novembre 2016 à juin 2017 dans la ville de de Yaoundé. Etait inclus tout enfant âgé entre six et quinze ans révolus et sous ARV depuis au moins un an. Le critère de jugement était la TA élevée. Les tests de Chi carré et de Fisher ont été conduits ainsi qu’une régression logistique, avec seuil de significativité de p <0,05. Résultats. Nous avons enrôlé 100 enfants dont l’âge moyen est 10,81 ± 2,72 ans La prévalence de l’HTA est de 5%, la pré HTA est à 12%. La durée de TARV de plus de neuf ans [OR=6,21 (IC 95 : 1,62-23,70)], la durée d’infection à VIH de plus de 11 ans [OR= 5,75 (IC 95 : 1,75-18,88)], l’âge avancé [OR=3,57 (IC 95 : 0,95-13,34)] et le temps de sédentarité important [OR=3,42 (IC 95 : 0,99-11,98)] étaient associés aux chiffres tensionnels élevés mais la régression logistique n’a pas confirmé cette association. Conclusion. L’HTA est présente chez les enfants sous TARV à Yaoundé mais il n’a pas été retrouvé de facteurs associés à cet état. Cependant, les facteurs de risques de maladies cardiovasculaires sont présents chez ces enfants et leur suivi devrait en tenir compte.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. In Cameroon, the number of children on antiretrovirals (ART) is steadily increasing. ARVs are responsible for adverse effects with risk of cardiovascular disease The aim of this work is to identify the factors associated with high blood pressure(HBP) in children on ART in Yaoundé. Methods. We carried out a cross-sectional study from November 2016 to June 2017 in the city of Yaoundé. Included were all children between the ages of six and fifteen who had been on ARVs for at least one year. The endpoint was elevated BP. Chi-square and Fisher tests were conducted as well as a logistic regression, with a significance level of p <0.05. Results. We enrolled 100 children whose average age is 10.81 ± 2.72 years. The prevalence of HBP is 5%, pre hypertension is 12%. The duration of ART of more than nine years [OR=6.21 (95% CI: 1.62-23.70)], the duration of HIV infection of more than 11 years [OR= 5.75 (95% CI: : 1.75-18.88)], advanced age [OR=3.57 (95% CI: 0.95-13.34)] and significant sedentary time [OR=3.42 (95% CI: 0.99-11.98)] were associated with elevated BP but logistic regression did not confirm this association. Conclusion. HBP is present in children on ART in Yaoundé but no factor associated with this condition have been found. However, risk factors for cardiovascular disease are present in these children and their follow-up should take this into account.

Keywords

High blood pressure Children HIV ART Hypertension artérielle Enfants VIH ARV

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Kamgaing Nelly, Fouogue Véronique, Kalla Claude, Kamgaing Rachel, Monebenimp Francisca, & Ndjolo Alexis. (2023). Facteurs Associés à l’Hypertension Artérielle chez les Enfants Vivant avec le VIH et Sous Traitement Antirétroviral dans la ville de Yaoundé. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 24(6). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v24i6.4513
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