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Abstract
ÉSUMÉ
INTRODUCTION.- En Afrique noire, la gravité des urgences oculaires traumatiques (UOT) est majorée par un manque d’ophtalmologiste et un équipement chirurgical souvent inadapté voir même inexistant. Cette étude avait pour objectif de faire un état des lieux sur leur prise en charge au CHU de Brazzaville..
MÉTHODES. Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective transversale sur 8 ans (janvier 2003-décembre 2010) réalisée dans le service d’ophtalmologie. Les dossiers retenus étaient ceux des patients vus pour un traumatisme oculaire pouvant compromettre le pronostic visuel et nécessitant un traitement chirurgical immédiat. Les dossiers des patients vus pour des traumatismes des structures annexes de l’œil étaient exclus. L’échographie et/ou le scanner étaient réalisés dans les suspicions de corps étranger intra oculaire. Le type de lésion, le délai de consultation, le délai de la prise en charge chirurgicale, l’aspect clinique de l’œil et l’acuité visuelle (AV) à 3 mois étaient analysés. ‘’The Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology’’ a été utilisé.
RÉSULTATS.-. La fréquence des UOT était de 1,8%. L’âge moyen était de 35 ± 4 ans. Les délais moyens de consultation et de prise en charge étaient respectivement de 35 ± 10 jours et de 74 ± 5,5 heures. Ces UOT étaient les suivantes : rupture cornéosclérale (63,2%), corps étranger ferrique vitréorétinien (16,8%), décollement de rétine (15%), trou maculaire (5%). A 3 mois 73,18% d’yeux ne percevaient pas la lumière, 19,2% avaient une AV oscillant entre perception lumineuse et décompte des doigts à 30 cm, pour 7,62% la meilleure AV ne dépassait pas 3/10.
CONCLUSION.- La cécité liée aux traumatismes oculaires est élevée au CHU de Brazzaville. En cause, l’insuffisant en personnel qualifié et le manque de matériel chirurgical adapté. La formation et l’équipement des hôpitaux devraient être une priorité.
MOTS CLÉS : Urgences oculaires traumatiques – Traitement - Cécité
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION: In Sub saharian Africa, the severity of traumatic ocular emergencies is increased by a lack of an ophthalmologist and often inadequate or even nonexistent of surgical equipment. We report the results of a cross sectional study which was undertaken to describe the management of eye trauma emergencies at the University Teaching Hospital of Brazzaville
METHODS: This is a retrospective cross sectional study over 8 years (January 2003-December 2010) in the ophthalmology department of the University Teaching Hospital of Brazzaville. We selected the files of patients seen for traumatic pathology of the eye that could compromise the visual prognosis and require immediate surgical treatment. The records of patients with injuries of related structures of the eye were excluded. Ultrasound and/or CT scan were performed if intraocular foreign body was suspected. Types of lesion, consultation period, time of surgical treatment, clinical appearance of the eye and visual acuity (VA) at 3 months were analyzed. ‘’ The Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology’’ was used.
RESULTS: The frequency of traumatic ocular emergencies was 1.8%. The mean age was 35 ± 4 years old. The mean time for consultation and treatment were 35 ± 10 days and 74 ± 5.5 hours. These traumatic ocular emergencies were: corneoscleral rupture (63.2%), vitreoretinal iron foreign body (16.8%), retinal detachment (15%), and macula hole (5%). At 3 months 73.2% of eyes did not see the light, 19.2% had a VA waving from light perception and counting fingers at 30 cm, and for 7.6% the best VA did not exceed 3/10.
CONCLUSION: In Brazzaville, the rate of blindness associated with traumatic ocular emergencies is high. Training of ophthalmologists and adapted surgical equipment for existing ophthalmology department should be a priority.
KEYWORDS: Traumatic ocular emergencies – Treatment
Article Details
References
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- Ayanniyi AA, Mahmoud OA, Olatunji FO, Ayanniyi RO. Pattern of ocular trauma among primary school pupils in IIorin, Nigeria. Afr J Med Med Sci. 2009 Jun; 38 (2): 193-6
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- Tchabi S, Sounouvou I, Yehouessi L, Facounde F, Doutetien C. Ocular contusions at the Cotonou, Benin, National University Hospital. A series of 654 cases. J Fr Ophtalmol.2010 Sep; 33 (7): 450-4.
- Onakpoya OH, Adeoye A, Adeoti CO, Ajite K. Epidemiology of ocular trauma among the elderly in a developing country. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2010 Oct; 17(5):315-20
- Negussie D, Bejiga A. Ocular emergencies presenting to Menelik II Hospital. Ethiop Med J. 2011 Jan; 49 (1): 17-24
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References
Xiao JH, Zhang MN, Jiang CH, Zhang Y, Qiu HY. Epidemiology of eye injuries sustained by military personnel in China. Chin J Traumatol. 2011 Dec 1; 14 (6): 359-62
Ayanniyi AA, Mahmoud OA, Olatunji FO, Ayanniyi RO. Pattern of ocular trauma among primary school pupils in IIorin, Nigeria. Afr J Med Med Sci. 2009 Jun; 38 (2): 193-6
Tok O, Tok L, Ozkaya D, Eraslan E, Ornek F, Bardak Y. Epidemiological characteristics and visual outcome after open globe injuries in children. J AAPOS. 2011 Dec; 15 (6): 556-61
Mansouri MR, Hosseini M, Mohebi M, Alipour F, Mehrdad P. Work-related eye injury: the main cause of ocular trauma in Iran. Eur J ophthalmol. 2010 Jul-Aug; 20 (4): 770-5
Nuzzi R, Buschini E, Actis AG. Ophtalmic. Evaluation and management of traumatic accidents associated with retinal breaks and detachment: a retrospective study. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2011 Dec 12:0. doi: 10.5301/ejo. 5000088. [Epub ahead of print]
Kuhm F, Morris R, Witherspoon C.D, Mester V. The Birmighan Eye Trauma Terminology. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2004 Fev; 27(2): 206-10.
Tchabi S, Sounouvou I, Yehouessi L, Facounde F, Doutetien C. Ocular contusions at the Cotonou, Benin, National University Hospital. A series of 654 cases. J Fr Ophtalmol.2010 Sep; 33 (7): 450-4.
Onakpoya OH, Adeoye A, Adeoti CO, Ajite K. Epidemiology of ocular trauma among the elderly in a developing country. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2010 Oct; 17(5):315-20
Negussie D, Bejiga A. Ocular emergencies presenting to Menelik II Hospital. Ethiop Med J. 2011 Jan; 49 (1): 17-24
Baillif S, Paoli V. Open-Globe injuries and intraocular foreign bodies involving the posterieur segment. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2012 Jan 6. [Epub ahead of print]