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Abstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. L'enclouage centromédullaire secondaire à l'Exofixation est une procédure chirurgicale orthopédique utilisée pour traiter les fractures osseuses. Le but de cette étude est de rapporter les indications et les résultats de l’enclouage centromédullaire secondaire à l’exofixation à l’Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Omar Bongo Ondimba (HIAOBO) de Libreville. Méthodologie. L’étude était rétrospective et monocentrique, réalisée de Janvier 2007 à Décembre 2018. Elle a porté sur les patients dont l’indication opératoire initiale était l’exofixation, secondairement convertie en endofixation par enclouage centromédullaire. L’évaluation était faite selon les critères de Tu et al. Résultats. Nous avons colligé 62 dossiers de conversion, dont 49 hommes soit un sex ratio de 3,8. Aucune bilatéralité n’était présente. Les circonstances lésionnelles initiales étaient dominées par les accidents du trafic routier (74,20%). Les lésions justifiant l’exofixation initiale étaient les fractures ouvertes type II de Gustilo (85,48%). Les principales indications de conversion étaient les défauts d’axe et les retards de consolidation. L’étude a isolé 2 groupes de patients pour une conversion tardive : le groupe 1 (G1) des conversions en un temps et le groupe 2 (G2) pour les conversions en deux temps, l’avantage de la conversion en deux temps étant l’élimination d’un foyer infectieux évoluant à bas bruit. Les résultats étaient satisfaisants chez 95,16% des patients et comparables dans les deux groupes. Conclusion. L’étude a montré le risque d’infection du site opératoire en cas de conversion tardive en un temps. Ainsi, l’avantage de la conversion en deux temps est l’élimination d’un foyer infectieux biologique dormant.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Centromedullary nailing secondary to Exofixation is an orthopaedic surgical procedure used to treat bone fractures. The aim of this study is to report the indications and results of centromedullary nailing secondary to exofixation at the Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Omar Bongo Ondimba (HIAOBO) in Libreville. Methodology. The study was retrospective and monocentric, conducted from January 2007 to December 2018. It focused on patients whose initial operative indication was exofixation, secondarily converted to endofixation by centromedullary nailing. Evaluation was based on the criteria of Tu et al. Results. We collected 62 conversion files, including 49 men, for a sex ratio of 3.8. There was no bilaterality. Initial lesion circumstances were dominated by road traffic accidents (74.20%). Lesions justifying initial exofixation were Gustilo type II open fractures (85.48%). The main indications for conversion were axial defects and delayed consolidation. The study isolated 2 groups of patients for late conversion: group 1 (G1) for one-stage conversions and group 2 (G2) for two-stage conversions, the advantage of two-stage conversion being the elimination of a low-grade infectious focus. Results were satisfactory in 95.16% of patients, and comparable in the two groups. Conclusion. The study demonstrated the risk of surgical site infection in the case of late one-stage conversion. Thus, the advantage of two-stage conversion is the elimination of a dormant biological infection site.
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References
- Bible JE, Mir HR. External fixation : principles and applications. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2015; 23: 683-90
- Della Rocca GJ, Crist BD. External fixation versus conversion to intramedullary nailing for definitive management of closed fractures of the femoral and tibial shaft. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2006; 14: S131-S135.
- Beltsios M, Savvidou O, Kovanis J, Alexandropoulos P, Papagelopoulos P. External fixation as a primery and definitive treatment for tibial diaphyseal fractures. Strat Traum Limb Recon 2009; 4: 81-7
- Toure I, Diallo M, Traore T, et al. Traitement des fractures ouvertes de jambe dans un hôpital de seconde référence. J Afr Chir Orthop Traumatol 2018 ; 3 : 8-14.
- Monka M, Mboutol MC, Zengui ZF, Moyikoua A. Traitement par fixateur externe des fractures ouvertes des membres : à propos de 38 cas. Health Sci Dis 2017 ; 18 : 39-42.
- Tu YK, Lin CH, Su JI, et al. Unreamed interlocking nail versus external fixator for open type III tibia fractures. J Trauma 1995; 39: 361-7.
- Hodel S, Koller T, Link BC, et al. Does temporary external fixation and staged protocol for closed fractures lead to bacterial contamination of the surgical site and associated complication? A prospective trial. Injury 2018; 49: 1532 – 7.
- Dossim A, Abalo A, Assiobo A, et al. Résultats du traitement des fractures ouvertes des membres par fixateurs externes au CHU TOKOIN de Lomé. J Rech Sci Univ Lomé (Togo). 2008 ; 10 : 109 – 14.
- Lilo M, El Ezzo O, Cauteruccio M, Ziranu A, De Santis V. Infections in primary intramedullary nailing of open tibial fractures : a review article Eur Rev Med Pharmacol sci 2019; 23: 195 – 200.
- Bauwens PH, Malatray M, Fournier G, Rongieras F, Bertani A. Risk factors for complications after intramedullary nailing to treat tibial shaft fractures: a cohort study of 184 consecutive patients Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2021; 107: 1028 – 37
- Laigle M, Rony L, Pinet R, Lancigu R, Steiger V, Hubert L. Intramedullary nailing for adult open tibial shaft fracture. An 85 case series Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2019; 105: 1021-24.
- Matsumura T, Takahashi T, Miyamoto O, et al. Clinical outcome of conversion from external fixation to definitive internal fixation for open fracture of the of the lower limb. J Othop Sci 2019; 24: 888-93.
- Roussignol X, Sigonney G, Potage D, et al. Secondary naling after external fixation for tibial shaft fracture: Risk factors for union and infection. A 55 case series. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2015; 101: 89-92
- Pairon P, Ossendorf C, Kuhn S, Hofmann A, Rommens PM. Intramedullary nailing after external fixation of the femur and tibia: a review of advantages and limits. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2015; 41: 25-38.
- Encinas-Ullan CA, Martinez-Diez JM, Rodriguez-Merchan EC. The use of external fixation in the emergency department : application, common errors, complications and their treatment. EFORT Open Rev 2020; 5: 204-14.
- Rigal S, Mathieu I, De Lescalopier N. Temporary fixation of limbs and pelvis. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2018; 104: S81-S88.
- Locan C, Hess A, Kwon JY. Damage control orthopaedics: Variability of construct design for external fixation of the lower extremity and implication on cost. Injury 2015; 46: 1533-8.
- Jennison T, McNally M, Pandit H. Prevention of infection in external fixator pin sites. Acta Biomaterialia 2014; 10: 595-603.
- Traoré T, Touré I, Diaollo M, et al. Traitement par fixateur externe des fractures ouvertes des membres type III de Gustilo-Anderson. J Afr Chir Orthop Traumatol. 2019 ; 4 : 77-82.
- Van der walt N, Ferreira N. An audit of circular external fixation usage in a tertiary hospital in South Africa. SA Orthop J. 2018; 17: 14-21.
- Echarri JJ, Kihambe B, San-Julian M. Ostéosynthèse par fixateur externe : une alternance chirurgicale en milieu africain. Med Afr Noire 2006 ; 53 : 151-4.
- Mathieu I, Mottier F, Bertani A. Management of neglected open extremity fractures in low-resource settings : experience of the french army medical service in Tchad. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2014; 100: 815-20.
- Lawal YZ, Ejagwulu PS, Salami SO, Mohammed S. Monolateral frame external fixator in the definitive management of open limb fractures in North-western Nigeria. Sub-Saharan Afr J Med 2016; 3: 137-41.
- Ferreira N, Mare PH, Marais LC. Circular external fixator application for midshaft tibial fractures: Surgical technique. SA Orthop J 2012; 11: 39-42.
- Hamdi M, Khezami M, Kchelfi S, et al. Le fixateur externe du service de santé des Armées. Technique, Indication et Résultats. Tunis Orthop 2011 ; 4 : 151-6.
- Mathieu I, Bazile F, Barthélémy R, Duhamel P, Rigal S. Chirurgie orthopédique de limitation des dégâts sur le champ de bataille : Utilisation d’une fixation externe provisoire sur les bléssés au combat. Rev Chir Orthop 2011 ; 97 : 825-33.
- Natoli RM, Baer MR, Bednar MS. Conversion of external fixation to open reduction and internal fixation for complex distalradius fracture. Orthop Traumato Surg Res 2016; 102: 339
- Foni NO, Batista FA, Rossato LH, et al. Post-operative infection in patients undergoing inspection of orthopedic damage due to external fixation. Rev Bras Orthop 2015; 50: 625-30.
- Maku MM, Ngcelwane MV, Olorunju SAS. Open tibial fractures: risk factors for infection conversion of external fixator to intramedullary nail at a tertiary academic hospital. SA Orthop J 2018; 17: 20 – 4.
- Elniel AR, Glannoudis PV. Open fracture oflower extremity: Current management and clinical outcomes. EFFORT Open Rev 2018; 3: 316-25.
- Manjra MA, Basson T, Du Preez G, Du Toit J, Ferreira N. Current concepts in the management of open tibia fracture s. SA Orthop J 2019 ; 18 : 52-62.
References
Bible JE, Mir HR. External fixation : principles and applications. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2015; 23: 683-90
Della Rocca GJ, Crist BD. External fixation versus conversion to intramedullary nailing for definitive management of closed fractures of the femoral and tibial shaft. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2006; 14: S131-S135.
Beltsios M, Savvidou O, Kovanis J, Alexandropoulos P, Papagelopoulos P. External fixation as a primery and definitive treatment for tibial diaphyseal fractures. Strat Traum Limb Recon 2009; 4: 81-7
Toure I, Diallo M, Traore T, et al. Traitement des fractures ouvertes de jambe dans un hôpital de seconde référence. J Afr Chir Orthop Traumatol 2018 ; 3 : 8-14.
Monka M, Mboutol MC, Zengui ZF, Moyikoua A. Traitement par fixateur externe des fractures ouvertes des membres : à propos de 38 cas. Health Sci Dis 2017 ; 18 : 39-42.
Tu YK, Lin CH, Su JI, et al. Unreamed interlocking nail versus external fixator for open type III tibia fractures. J Trauma 1995; 39: 361-7.
Hodel S, Koller T, Link BC, et al. Does temporary external fixation and staged protocol for closed fractures lead to bacterial contamination of the surgical site and associated complication? A prospective trial. Injury 2018; 49: 1532 – 7.
Dossim A, Abalo A, Assiobo A, et al. Résultats du traitement des fractures ouvertes des membres par fixateurs externes au CHU TOKOIN de Lomé. J Rech Sci Univ Lomé (Togo). 2008 ; 10 : 109 – 14.
Lilo M, El Ezzo O, Cauteruccio M, Ziranu A, De Santis V. Infections in primary intramedullary nailing of open tibial fractures : a review article Eur Rev Med Pharmacol sci 2019; 23: 195 – 200.
Bauwens PH, Malatray M, Fournier G, Rongieras F, Bertani A. Risk factors for complications after intramedullary nailing to treat tibial shaft fractures: a cohort study of 184 consecutive patients Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2021; 107: 1028 – 37
Laigle M, Rony L, Pinet R, Lancigu R, Steiger V, Hubert L. Intramedullary nailing for adult open tibial shaft fracture. An 85 case series Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2019; 105: 1021-24.
Matsumura T, Takahashi T, Miyamoto O, et al. Clinical outcome of conversion from external fixation to definitive internal fixation for open fracture of the of the lower limb. J Othop Sci 2019; 24: 888-93.
Roussignol X, Sigonney G, Potage D, et al. Secondary naling after external fixation for tibial shaft fracture: Risk factors for union and infection. A 55 case series. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2015; 101: 89-92
Pairon P, Ossendorf C, Kuhn S, Hofmann A, Rommens PM. Intramedullary nailing after external fixation of the femur and tibia: a review of advantages and limits. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2015; 41: 25-38.
Encinas-Ullan CA, Martinez-Diez JM, Rodriguez-Merchan EC. The use of external fixation in the emergency department : application, common errors, complications and their treatment. EFORT Open Rev 2020; 5: 204-14.
Rigal S, Mathieu I, De Lescalopier N. Temporary fixation of limbs and pelvis. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2018; 104: S81-S88.
Locan C, Hess A, Kwon JY. Damage control orthopaedics: Variability of construct design for external fixation of the lower extremity and implication on cost. Injury 2015; 46: 1533-8.
Jennison T, McNally M, Pandit H. Prevention of infection in external fixator pin sites. Acta Biomaterialia 2014; 10: 595-603.
Traoré T, Touré I, Diaollo M, et al. Traitement par fixateur externe des fractures ouvertes des membres type III de Gustilo-Anderson. J Afr Chir Orthop Traumatol. 2019 ; 4 : 77-82.
Van der walt N, Ferreira N. An audit of circular external fixation usage in a tertiary hospital in South Africa. SA Orthop J. 2018; 17: 14-21.
Echarri JJ, Kihambe B, San-Julian M. Ostéosynthèse par fixateur externe : une alternance chirurgicale en milieu africain. Med Afr Noire 2006 ; 53 : 151-4.
Mathieu I, Mottier F, Bertani A. Management of neglected open extremity fractures in low-resource settings : experience of the french army medical service in Tchad. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2014; 100: 815-20.
Lawal YZ, Ejagwulu PS, Salami SO, Mohammed S. Monolateral frame external fixator in the definitive management of open limb fractures in North-western Nigeria. Sub-Saharan Afr J Med 2016; 3: 137-41.
Ferreira N, Mare PH, Marais LC. Circular external fixator application for midshaft tibial fractures: Surgical technique. SA Orthop J 2012; 11: 39-42.
Hamdi M, Khezami M, Kchelfi S, et al. Le fixateur externe du service de santé des Armées. Technique, Indication et Résultats. Tunis Orthop 2011 ; 4 : 151-6.
Mathieu I, Bazile F, Barthélémy R, Duhamel P, Rigal S. Chirurgie orthopédique de limitation des dégâts sur le champ de bataille : Utilisation d’une fixation externe provisoire sur les bléssés au combat. Rev Chir Orthop 2011 ; 97 : 825-33.
Natoli RM, Baer MR, Bednar MS. Conversion of external fixation to open reduction and internal fixation for complex distalradius fracture. Orthop Traumato Surg Res 2016; 102: 339
Foni NO, Batista FA, Rossato LH, et al. Post-operative infection in patients undergoing inspection of orthopedic damage due to external fixation. Rev Bras Orthop 2015; 50: 625-30.
Maku MM, Ngcelwane MV, Olorunju SAS. Open tibial fractures: risk factors for infection conversion of external fixator to intramedullary nail at a tertiary academic hospital. SA Orthop J 2018; 17: 20 – 4.
Elniel AR, Glannoudis PV. Open fracture oflower extremity: Current management and clinical outcomes. EFFORT Open Rev 2018; 3: 316-25.
Manjra MA, Basson T, Du Preez G, Du Toit J, Ferreira N. Current concepts in the management of open tibia fracture s. SA Orthop J 2019 ; 18 : 52-62.