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Abstract
The search for ischemic heart disease is essential in diabetic patients because of the potential risk of silent myocardial ischemia. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), readily available, less expensive and less invasive, remains a safe means of detecting coronary lesions. We describe the clinical case of a 67-year-old patient with a 26 year-history of hypertension and a 10 year-history of type 2 diabetes presenting a very high cardiovascular risk (ASCVD risk score = 41.6%), admitted for atypical chest discomfort resistant to usual gastric dressings and traditional analgesics. The electrocardiogram performed was non-specific. A CCTA was performed by prospective acquisition with ECG synchronization in spontaneous contrast then after injection It have revealed a coronary calcium score estimated at 852 AU and a significant tri-vessel coronary stenosis. Pending coronary revascularization, the patient remains stable under medical treatment based on fixed triple antihypertensive therapy, a beta-blocker, a statin and a dual antiplatelet agent.
RESUME
La recherche d'une cardiopathie ischémique est essentielle chez les patients diabétiques en raison du risque potentiel d'ischémie myocardique silencieuse. L'angiographie coronaire par tomodensitométrie (ACT), facilement disponible, moins coûteuse et moins invasive, reste un moyen sûr de détecter les lésions coronaires. Nous décrivons le cas clinique d'un patient de 67 ans, hypertendu depuis 26 ans et diabétique de type 2 depuis 10 ans, présentant un risque cardiovasculaire très élevé (score de risque ASCVD = 41,6 %), admis pour une gêne thoracique atypique résistant aux pansements gastriques habituels et aux analgésiques traditionnels. L'électrocardiogramme réalisé était non spécifique. Une ACT a été réalisée par acquisition prospective avec synchronisation ECG en contraste spontané puis après injection Elle a révélé un score calcique coronaire estimé à 852 UA et une sténose coronaire tri-vaisseaux significative. Dans l'attente d'une revascularisation coronaire, le patient reste stable sous traitement médical basé sur une triple thérapie antihypertensive fixe, un bêta-bloquant, une statine et un double antiagrégant plaquettaire.
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References
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5. Aronson D, Edelman ER. Coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus. Cardiol Clin 2014; 32:439–55.
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8. Esper RB, Farkouh ME, Ribeiro EE, et al. SYNTAX score in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary revascularization in the FREEDOM trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72:2826–37.
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10. Shah NR, Pierce JD, Kikano EG, Rahnemai-Azar AA, Gilkeson RC, Gupta A. CT Coronary Angiography Fractional Flow Reserve: New Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2021;50:925-36.
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13. Sarwar N, Gao P, Seshasai SR, Gobin R, Kaptoge S, Di Angelantonio E, et al. Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Lancet. 2010;375:2215–22.
14. Sattar N, McMurray J, Borén J, Rawshani A, Omerovic E, Berg N, et al. Twenty years of cardiovascular complications and risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide Swedish cohort study. Circulation. 2023;147:1872–86.
15. Roth GA, Huffman MD, Moran AE, Feigin V, Mensah GA, Naghavi M, et al. Global and regional patterns in cardiovascular mortality from 1990 to 2013. Circulation. 2015;132:1667–78.
16. Ramsey BC, Fentanes E, Choi AD, Branch KR, Thomas DM. Myocardial Assessment with Cardiac CT: Ischemic Heart Disease and Beyond. Curr Cardiovasc Imaging Rep. 2018;11:16.
17. Hammoud T, Tanguay JF, Bourassa MG. Management of coronary artery disease: therapeutic options in patients with diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:355-65.
18. Sirajuddin A, Mirmomen SM, Kligerman SJ, Groves DW, Burke AP, Kureshi F, White CS, Arai AE. Ischemic Heart Disease: Noninvasive Imaging Techniques and Findings. Radiographics. 2021;41:990-1021.
19. Jensen RV, Hjortbak MV, Bøtker HE. Ischemic Heart Disease: An Update. Semin Nucl Med. 2020;50:195-207
20. Teo KK, Rafiq T. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Prevention: A Perspective From Developing Countries. Can J Cardiol. 2021;37:733-43.
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Heart Views, 2016;17,78-81.
22. Mahmood SS, Levy D, Vasan RS, Wang TJ. The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective. Lancet. 2014;383:999-1008.
23. Li X, Wu C, Lu J, Chen B, Li Y, Yang Y, Hu S, Li J. Cardiovascular risk factors in China: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Lancet Public Health. 2020 ;5:e672-e681. -2. Erratum in: Lancet Public Health. 2021;6:e271
24. Fletcher B, Gulanick M, Lamendola C. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2002;16:17-23.
25. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, McQueen M, Budaj A, Pais P, Varigos J, Lisheng L; INTERHEART Study Investigators. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364:937-52.
26. O'Donnell MJ, Chin SL, Rangarajan S, Xavier D, Liu L, Zhang H, Rao-Melacini P, Zhang X, Pais P, Agapay S, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Damasceno A, Langhorne P, McQueen MJ, Rosengren A, Dehghan M, Hankey GJ, Dans AL, Elsayed A, Avezum A, Mondo C, Diener HC, Ryglewicz D, Czlonkowska A, Pogosova N, Weimar C, Iqbal R, Diaz R, Yusoff K, Yusufali A, Oguz A, Wang X, Penaherrera E, Lanas F, Ogah OS, Ogunniyi A, Iversen HK, Malaga G, Rumboldt Z, Oveisgharan S, Al Hussain F, Magazi D, Nilanont Y, Ferguson J, Pare G, Yusuf S; INTERSTROKE investigators. Global and regional effects of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with acute stroke in 32 countries (INTERSTROKE): a case-control study. Lancet. 2016;388:761-75.
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