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RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. L’ulcère gastrique (GU) est l’une des maladies gastriques les plus courantes et le stress oxydatif joue un rôle dans l’installation de l’ulcère gastrique. Objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer l’activité antiulcéreuse de l’extrait décocté de Terminalia superba (EDTS). Méthodes. Pour effectuer ce travail, une étude expérimentale a été menée pendant 8 mois, Après la préparation de l’EDTS, Le potentiel antiulcéreux de l’extrait a été évalué en utilisant un modèle expérimental de rats exposés à une solution HCl/ethanol. Après légère acclimatation (7jours), 25 rats males de souches Wistar d’un poids moyen de 220±6 g ont été utilisés. Les rats ont été répartis en cinq groupes de cinq comme suit : un groupe contrôle négatif (CN) qui recevait uniquement de l’eau distillée, un groupe control positif (CP) qui recevrait une solution HCl/éthanol et de l’eau distillée, un groupe essai 1 qui recevrait une solution HCl/éthanol et 250mg/kg de PC d’EDTS. Un groupe essai 2 qui recevrait une solution HCl/éthanol et 500mg/kg de PC d’EDTS. Un groupe référence qui recevrait une solution HCl/éthanol et 100mg/kg de PC de sucralfate. L’administration de la solution HCl/éthanol a été fait après 48h de jeun et une heure après l’administration de l’extrait/référence. Après 2h, les animaux ont été sacrifiés sous légère anesthésie à l’éther puis le sang collecté dans les tubes secs pour l’obtention du sérum et le contenu l’estomac a été prélève pour la préparation du suc gastrique. Les homogénats d’organes (estomac, foie et reins) ont été préparés. L’estomac a été fixe dans le formol 10% pour la réalisation des coupes histologiques. Résultats. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que l'extrait a enregistré les pourcentages de protection de 70,54%, 72,09% respectivement à la dose 250 et 500mg/kg de PC contre ulcère gastrique induit par HCl/éthanol. L'extrait a augmenté le statut antioxydant et diminué le taux de MDA dans l’estomac. Conclusion. L'étude a révélé que l’EDTS possède un potentiel antiulcéreux. Le mécanisme probable est l’augmentation de statut antioxydant et diminution des marqueurs pro-oxydants dans l’estomac. Les résultats nous ont permis de valider l'utilisation populaire de TS dans le traitement de l’ulcère gastrique,
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Gastric ulcer (GU) is one of the most common gastric diseases and oxidative stress plays a role in the development of gastric ulcer. Objective of this work was to evaluate the antiulcer activity of the decocted extract of Terminalia superba (EDTS). Methods. To carry out this work, an experimental study was carried out for 8 months. After the preparation of the EDTS, the antiulcer potential of the extract was evaluated using an experimental model of rats exposed to an HCl/ethanol solution. After slight acclimatization (7 days), 25 male rats of Wistar strains with an average weight of 220±6 g were used. The rats were divided into five groups of five as follows: a negative control group (NC) which received only distilled water, a positive control group (PC) which would receive an HCl/ethanol solution and distilled water, a trial group 1 which would receive an HCl/ethanol solution and 250 mg/kg of EDTS PC. A trial group 2 which would receive an HCl/ethanol solution and 500mg/kg of EDTS PC. A reference group which would receive an HCl/ethanol solution and 100 mg/kg of sucralfate PC. The administration of the HCl/ethanol solution was done after 48 hours of fasting and one hour after the administration of the extract/reference. After 2 hours, the animals were sacrificed under light ether anesthesia then the blood collected in dry tubes to obtain serum and the stomach contents were collected for the preparation of gastric juice. Organ homogenates (stomach, liver and kidneys) were prepared. The stomach was fixed in 10% formalin for histological sections. Results. The results obtained showed that the extract recorded the protection percentages of 70.54%, 72.09% respectively at the dose 250 and 500mg/kg of PC against gastric ulcer induced by HCl/ethanol. The extract increased the antioxidant status and decreased the level of MDA in the stomach. Conclusion. The study revealed that EDTS has antiulcer potential. The likely mechanism was increased antioxidant status and decreased pro-oxidant markers in the stomach. The results allowed us to validate the popular use of the herbal product in the treatment of gastric ulcer,
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References
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- Negi P, Gautam S, Sharma A, Rathore C, Sharma L, Upadhyay N, et al. Gastric ulcer healing by chebulinic acid solid dispersion-loaded gastroretentive raft systems: preclinical evidence. Ther Deliv 2022;13:81–93. https://doi.org/10.4155/tde-2021-0062.
- Beiranvand M. A review of the most common in vivo models of stomach ulcers and natural and synthetic anti-ulcer compounds: A comparative systematic study. Phytomedicine Plus 2022;2:100264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2022.100264.
- Rahman Z, Dwivedi D, Jena G. Ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats and intervention of tert-butylhydroquinone: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020;39:547–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327119895559.
- Admin. Alcohol consumption in Cameroon | CPSDACWA CAMEROON n.d. https://cpsdacwa.com/alcohol-consumption-in-cameroon/ (accessed June 8, 2022).
- Yu C, Mei X-T, Zheng Y-P, Xu D. Gastroprotective effect of taurine zinc solid dispersions against absolute ethanol-induced gastric lesions is mediated by enhancement of antioxidant activity and endogenous PGE2production and attenuation of NO production. European Journal of Pharmacology 2014;740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.014.
- Bhattacharjee S. ROS and Oxidative Modification of Cellular Components. In: Bhattacharjee S, editor. Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Biology, New Delhi: Springer India; 2019, p. 81–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3941-3_4.
- Hama Amin RR, Aziz TA. Gastroprotective Effect of Azilsartan Through Ameliorating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Restoring Hydroxyproline, and Gastrin Levels in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer. J Inflamm Res 2022;15:2911–23. https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S365090.
- Haniadka R, Saldanha E, Sunita V, Palatty PL, Fayad R, Baliga MS. A review of the gastroprotective effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Food Funct 2013;4:845–55. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3fo30337c.
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- Sistani Karampour N, Arzi A, Rezaie A, Pashmforoosh M, Kordi F. Gastroprotective Effect of Zingerone on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats. Medicina (Kaunas) 2019;55:64. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55030064.
- Li W-S, Lin S-C, Chu C-H, Chang Y-K, Zhang X, Lin C-C, et al. The Gastroprotective Effect of Naringenin against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice through Inhibiting Oxidative and Inflammatory Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22:11985. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111985.
- Schubert ML. Physiologic, pathophysiologic, and pharmacologic regulation of gastric acid secretion. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2017;33:430–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0000000000000392.
- Mukheet A, Hussain DMA, Hussain SKS, Tabassum DG, Aliuddin DSM. Anti-Ulcer Activity of Medicinal Plants: A Review n.d.:7.
- Team GM. Flavonoids Polyphenols: What Are Flavonoids And What They Do? Gundry MD 2020. https://gundrymd.com/flavonoids-polyphenols/ (accessed June 8, 2022).
- OECD. Test No. 420: Acute Oral Toxicity - Fixed Dose Procedure. Available: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/test-no-420-acute-oral-toxicityfixed-dose-procedure_9789264070943-en Subchronic Toxicity Studies of Aqueous, Methanolic and n-Hexane Root Extracts of Curcuma longa L. on Albino Rats. Br J Pharm Res. 2016;14:1–8.
- Tan P, Njimi C, Ayafor J. Screening of some African medicinal plants for antiulcerogenic activity: Part 1. Phytotherapy Research - PHYTOTHER RES 1997;11:45–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199702)11:1<45::AID-PTR945>3.0.CO;2-I.
- Kalaivani.M JM. Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Madhuca longifolia flowers in Experimental Rats 2013;3:7.
- Njar VC, Adesanwo JK, Raji Y. Methyl angolensate: the antiulcer agent of the stem bark of Entandrophragma angolense. Planta Med 1995;61:91–2. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-958015.
- Yagi K. A simple fluorometric assay for lipoperoxide in blood plasma. Biochemical Medicine 1976;15:212–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2944(76)90049-1.
- Misra HP, Fridovich I. The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase. J Biol Chem 1972;247:3170–5.
- Sinha AK. Colorimetric assay of catalase. Anal Biochem 1972;47:389–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(72)90132-7.
- Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951;193:265–75.
- Maleki SJ, Crespo JF, Cabanillas B. Anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids. Food Chem 2019;299:125124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125124.
- Yoo J-H, Lee J-S, Lee Y-S, Ku S, Lee H-J. Protective effect of bovine milk against HCl and ethanol–induced gastric ulcer in mice. Journal of Dairy Science 2018;101:3758–70. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13872.
- Perfusion A, Vandza Luc V, Mesmine K, Vernyuy T, Siwe G, Christophe M. Cytoprotective effects of the leaves aqueous extract of (Combretaceae) on gastric ulcers in mice 2020;9:6–11.
- Sachs G, Shin JM, Vagin O, Lambrecht N, Yakubov I, Munson K. The Gastric H,K ATPase as a Drug Target. J Clin Gastroenterol 2007;41:S226–42. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0b013e31803233b7.
- Jo HJ, Kim N, Nam RH, Chang H, Kim J-H, Park JH, et al. The Effect of Cochinchina momordica Seed Extract on Gastric Acid Secretion and Morphologic Change in Aged Rat Stomach. Gut Liver 2013;7:560–8. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl.2013.7.5.560.
- Rosales C. Neutrophil: A Cell with Many Roles in Inflammation or Several Cell Types? Front Physiol 2018;9:113. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00113.
- Ighodaro OM, Akinloye OA. First line defence antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid. Alexandria Journal of Medicine 2018;54:287–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2017.09.001.
- Christophe M, Nkenfou C, Perfusion A, Gustave N, Ernestine N, Patricia D, et al. Gastroprotective, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of the Aqueous Root Bark Extract of Cassia arereh Del. (Caesalpiniaceae) in a Wistar Rat Model. Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 2017;12:1–13. https://doi.org/10.9734/JABB/2017/32667.
- Mostofa R, Ahmed S, Begum MstM, Sohanur Rahman Md, Begum T, Ahmed SU, et al. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and gastric anti-ulcer activity of Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves in experimental rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017;17:267. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1771-7.
References
Simona F, Ana-Maria P, Ghiciuc C, Lupușoru1 E. Particularities of Experimental Models Used to Induce Gastric Ulcer. ARS Medica Tomitana 2020;25. https://doi.org/10.2478/arsm-2019-0035.
Negi P, Gautam S, Sharma A, Rathore C, Sharma L, Upadhyay N, et al. Gastric ulcer healing by chebulinic acid solid dispersion-loaded gastroretentive raft systems: preclinical evidence. Ther Deliv 2022;13:81–93. https://doi.org/10.4155/tde-2021-0062.
Beiranvand M. A review of the most common in vivo models of stomach ulcers and natural and synthetic anti-ulcer compounds: A comparative systematic study. Phytomedicine Plus 2022;2:100264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2022.100264.
Rahman Z, Dwivedi D, Jena G. Ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats and intervention of tert-butylhydroquinone: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020;39:547–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327119895559.
Admin. Alcohol consumption in Cameroon | CPSDACWA CAMEROON n.d. https://cpsdacwa.com/alcohol-consumption-in-cameroon/ (accessed June 8, 2022).
Yu C, Mei X-T, Zheng Y-P, Xu D. Gastroprotective effect of taurine zinc solid dispersions against absolute ethanol-induced gastric lesions is mediated by enhancement of antioxidant activity and endogenous PGE2production and attenuation of NO production. European Journal of Pharmacology 2014;740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.014.
Bhattacharjee S. ROS and Oxidative Modification of Cellular Components. In: Bhattacharjee S, editor. Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Biology, New Delhi: Springer India; 2019, p. 81–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3941-3_4.
Hama Amin RR, Aziz TA. Gastroprotective Effect of Azilsartan Through Ameliorating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Restoring Hydroxyproline, and Gastrin Levels in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer. J Inflamm Res 2022;15:2911–23. https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S365090.
Haniadka R, Saldanha E, Sunita V, Palatty PL, Fayad R, Baliga MS. A review of the gastroprotective effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Food Funct 2013;4:845–55. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3fo30337c.
Chen X, Zhao Y, Liu K, Li Z, Tan X, Wang Y, et al. Lycopene Aggravates Acute Gastric Injury Induced by Ethanol. Front Nutr 2021;8:697879. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.697879.
Sistani Karampour N, Arzi A, Rezaie A, Pashmforoosh M, Kordi F. Gastroprotective Effect of Zingerone on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats. Medicina (Kaunas) 2019;55:64. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55030064.
Li W-S, Lin S-C, Chu C-H, Chang Y-K, Zhang X, Lin C-C, et al. The Gastroprotective Effect of Naringenin against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice through Inhibiting Oxidative and Inflammatory Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22:11985. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111985.
Schubert ML. Physiologic, pathophysiologic, and pharmacologic regulation of gastric acid secretion. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2017;33:430–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0000000000000392.
Mukheet A, Hussain DMA, Hussain SKS, Tabassum DG, Aliuddin DSM. Anti-Ulcer Activity of Medicinal Plants: A Review n.d.:7.
Team GM. Flavonoids Polyphenols: What Are Flavonoids And What They Do? Gundry MD 2020. https://gundrymd.com/flavonoids-polyphenols/ (accessed June 8, 2022).
OECD. Test No. 420: Acute Oral Toxicity - Fixed Dose Procedure. Available: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/test-no-420-acute-oral-toxicityfixed-dose-procedure_9789264070943-en Subchronic Toxicity Studies of Aqueous, Methanolic and n-Hexane Root Extracts of Curcuma longa L. on Albino Rats. Br J Pharm Res. 2016;14:1–8.
Tan P, Njimi C, Ayafor J. Screening of some African medicinal plants for antiulcerogenic activity: Part 1. Phytotherapy Research - PHYTOTHER RES 1997;11:45–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199702)11:1<45::AID-PTR945>3.0.CO;2-I.
Kalaivani.M JM. Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Madhuca longifolia flowers in Experimental Rats 2013;3:7.
Njar VC, Adesanwo JK, Raji Y. Methyl angolensate: the antiulcer agent of the stem bark of Entandrophragma angolense. Planta Med 1995;61:91–2. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-958015.
Yagi K. A simple fluorometric assay for lipoperoxide in blood plasma. Biochemical Medicine 1976;15:212–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2944(76)90049-1.
Misra HP, Fridovich I. The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase. J Biol Chem 1972;247:3170–5.
Sinha AK. Colorimetric assay of catalase. Anal Biochem 1972;47:389–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(72)90132-7.
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951;193:265–75.
Maleki SJ, Crespo JF, Cabanillas B. Anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids. Food Chem 2019;299:125124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125124.
Yoo J-H, Lee J-S, Lee Y-S, Ku S, Lee H-J. Protective effect of bovine milk against HCl and ethanol–induced gastric ulcer in mice. Journal of Dairy Science 2018;101:3758–70. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13872.
Perfusion A, Vandza Luc V, Mesmine K, Vernyuy T, Siwe G, Christophe M. Cytoprotective effects of the leaves aqueous extract of (Combretaceae) on gastric ulcers in mice 2020;9:6–11.
Sachs G, Shin JM, Vagin O, Lambrecht N, Yakubov I, Munson K. The Gastric H,K ATPase as a Drug Target. J Clin Gastroenterol 2007;41:S226–42. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0b013e31803233b7.
Jo HJ, Kim N, Nam RH, Chang H, Kim J-H, Park JH, et al. The Effect of Cochinchina momordica Seed Extract on Gastric Acid Secretion and Morphologic Change in Aged Rat Stomach. Gut Liver 2013;7:560–8. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl.2013.7.5.560.
Rosales C. Neutrophil: A Cell with Many Roles in Inflammation or Several Cell Types? Front Physiol 2018;9:113. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00113.
Ighodaro OM, Akinloye OA. First line defence antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid. Alexandria Journal of Medicine 2018;54:287–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2017.09.001.
Christophe M, Nkenfou C, Perfusion A, Gustave N, Ernestine N, Patricia D, et al. Gastroprotective, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of the Aqueous Root Bark Extract of Cassia arereh Del. (Caesalpiniaceae) in a Wistar Rat Model. Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 2017;12:1–13. https://doi.org/10.9734/JABB/2017/32667.
Mostofa R, Ahmed S, Begum MstM, Sohanur Rahman Md, Begum T, Ahmed SU, et al. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and gastric anti-ulcer activity of Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves in experimental rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017;17:267. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1771-7.