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Abstract

RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. La bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) est l’une des maladies respiratoires chroniques non transmissibles les plus fréquentes. L’objectif était de comparer la prévalence de la BPCO entre les différents niveaux socio-économiques (NSE). Méthodes. Une étude transversale incluant les adultes âgés d’au moins 19 ans par échantillonnage stratifié à trois niveaux dans la ville de Yaoundé était réalisée. La spirométrie était effectuée chez tous les participants. La BPCO a été défini par un trouble ventilatoire obstructif non réversible. Les différents degrés du NSE ont été évalués par l’indice de richesse proposé par la banque mondiale pour le Cameroun. Le NSE bas appartenant au 1er-2e quintile, NSE intermédiaire au 3e-4e quintile et NSE élevé au 5e quintile. Résultats. Des 1229 sujets [âge médian (interquartile range) de 30 (24 - 42) ans, 678 (53,4%) hommes] ayant réalisé la spirométrie, ont été respectivement inclus dans le groupe des pauvres, des sujets à revenus intermédiaires et le groupe des riches, 497 (40,5%) sujets, 498 (40,5%) sujets et 234 (19,0%) sujets. La prévalence (IC à 95%) de la BPCO était plus élevée dans le groupe NSE élevé 5,1% (3,0 - 8,7%) comparé au NSE intermédiaire 3,0% (1,5 - 4,5%) et NSE bas 2,2% (0,9 - 3,4%), (p=0,085). Dans le NSE élevé, les facteurs protecteurs indépendants associés à la survenue de BPCO étaient le niveau d’éducation secondaire et la vie de couple; et les femmes avaient deux fois plus de risque de développer la BPCO. Conclusion. La prévalence de la BPCO est similaire dans les différents NSE à Yaoundé, malgré une tendance d’association entre la BPCO et les riches.
ABSTRACT
Background. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a frequent non-communicable respiratory disease. The aim of our study was to compare the prevalence of COPD between socioeconomic status (SES) and look for the independent association between COPD and SES. Materials and methods. Data from a cross-sectional community-based study was analysed. Participants aged 19 years and above were selected through multilevel stratified random sampling methods across Yaounde capital city of Cameroon. Participants with inclusion criteria had perform spirometry. COPD was defined by a post-bronchodilatator air flow limitation. The different levels of SES were evaluated through the “richness index” proposed by the World Bank: low SES (1st-2nd quintile), intermediate SES (3rd-4th quintile) and high SES (5th quintile). Results. Of the 1229 subjects [median (interquartile range) age of 30 (24-42) years, 678 (53,4 %) men] performed spirometry, we have included 497 (40,5 %) subjects in the low SES group, 498 (40,5 %) subjects in the intermediate SES group and 234 (19,0 %) subjects in the high SES group. Prevalence (95% CI) of COPD was 2.2% (0.9-3.4%) in low SES, 3.0% (1.5-4.5%) in intermediate SES and 5.1% (3.0-8.7%) in high SES group without any statistical difference between groups (p=0.085) respectively. Independant protective factor associated to COPD in the high SES were secondary education and marital status. Women in the high SES had a double risk of developing COPD. Conclusion. COPD is not associated to SES in Cameroonian milieu, while there was a tendence of association with the high SES.

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Balkissou, A., Endale, L. M., Mbele-Onana, C., Tcheubo-Kamgang, B., Magne-Fotso, C., Ngo-Nyonga, M., Kolontchang-Yomi, B., Ebouki, E., Amougou, F., & Pefura, E. Y. (2021). La Broncho-Pneumopathie Chronique Obstructive à Yaoundé: Prévalence et Association avec le Niveau Socio-Economique. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 22(7). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v22i7.2849
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