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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Objective. This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of patients diagnosed with cervical spinal stenosis at the Yaounde General Hospital and Yaounde Central Hospital. Patients and Methods. We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study in the neurosurgery departments of the two aforementioned hospitals over a seven-year period, from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021. All medical records of patients admitted for cervical spinal stenosis and meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed and included in the analysis. Results. A total of 82 patients were included in the study, consisting of 50 men (61%) and 32 women (39%). The mean age was 57.43 years, with a range of 35 to 80 years. The most common clinical manifestations included cervical pain (n=75, 90.2%), paresthesia (n=71, 86.6%), numbness (n=58, 70.7%), sphincter dysfunction (n=46, 56.1%), motor deficits (n=79, 98.7%), and sensory deficits (n=58, 70.7%). Muscle strength was graded as 2 (n=25, 30.5%) and 3 (n=24, 29.3%). According to the Nurick classification, grade 2 was identified in 21 cases (25.6%). Radiological evaluations primarily involved CT scans (n=79, 96.3%), with a smaller number of MRI studies (n=3, 3.7%). Imaging findings revealed anterior cord compression in 47 cases (57.3%) and posterior cord compression in 35 cases (42.7%). The most frequently affected levels were C3-C5 (n=38, 46.3%) and C5-C7 (n=22, 26.8%). The number of compression levels was less than 3 in 60 patients (73.2%) and 3 or more in 22 patients (26.8%). Treatment modalities included SAID (n=18, 21%) and cervical orthoses (n=45, 54.9%). Surgical interventions were performed via an anterior approach in 45 cases (54.9%) and a posterior approach in 32 cases (39%). Conclusion. Cervical spinal stenosis is a relatively common condition, with a higher prevalence among male patients and elderly individuals. The clinical presentation is predominantly characterized by neurological deficits, reflecting the severity of the disease. Surgical management remains a cornerstone in the treatment of this condition.
RÉSUMÉ
Objectif. Le but de ce travail était de décrire les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques des patients atteints de canal cervical étroit à l'Hôpital Général et à l'Hôpital Central de Yaoundé. Patients et Méthodes. Nous avons mené une étude transversale rétrospective descriptive dans les services de neurochirurgie des 02 hôpitaux sus-cités durant la période du 1er janvier 2015 au 31 décembre 2021. Nous avons inclus tous les dossiers médicaux des patients admis pour canal cervical étroit et répondant aux critères d'inclusion. Résultats. Au total, 82 participants ont été inclus, dont des hommes (n=50, 61%) et des femmes (n=32, 39%). L'âge moyen était de 57,43 ans avec extrêmes 35 et 80 ans. Les signes cliniques étaient les suivants : douleurs cervicales (n=75, 90,2%), paresthésie (n=71, 86,6%), engourdissement (n=58, 70,7%), troubles sphinctériens (n=46, 56,1%), déficits moteurs (n=79, 98,7%), déficits sensitifs (n=58, 70,7%). La force musculaire était de grade 2 (n=25, 30,5%), et grade 3 (n=24, 29,3%). Selon la classification de Nurick, le grade 2 était retrouvé dans 21 cas (25,6%). L'examen radiologique était le scanner (n=79, 96,3%), l’IRM (n=3, 3,7%) montrant une compression médullaire antérieure (n=47, 57,3%), une compression postérieure (n=35, 42,7%), niveau de compression C3-C5 (n=38,46. 3%), C5-C7 (n=22, 26.8%) et nombre de niveaux de compression <3 (n=60, 73.2%) et ≥3 (n=22, 26.8%). Les modalités thérapeutiques étaient AIS (n=18, 21%), utilisation d'orthèse cervicale (n=45, 54.9%). Le traitement chirurgical était fait par abord antérieur (n=45, 54,9%) et abord postérieur (n=32, 39%). Conclusion. Le canal cervical étroit est relativement fréquent avec une prédominance masculine et des personnes âgées. La présentation clinique est dominée par le déficit neurologique qui annonce la gravité de la pathologie. La chirurgie joue un rôle clé dans la prise en charge.
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References
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- 7. Hauret L, Graef C, Bellaiche R, Dion AM, Geffroy Y, Bourcier B et al (2005) The spinal intracanal compartments: anatomy, semiology and pathology. Feuillets de Radiologie 45(1) : 37-48.
- 8. Harris P (1977) Cervical spine stenosis. Paraplegia 15(2):125-32.
- 9. Hima-Maiga A. et al (2020) Cervical myelopathy at the Era of CT Scan and MRI in Niger. Médecine d'Afrique Noire, 67:457-470.
- 10. Olarinoye-Akorede SA, Ibinaiye P.O et al (2016) Evaluation and modification of Kang’s MRI method of grading cervical spinal canal stenosis among african patients: an initial study. AJNS 35 (2)
- 11. M. Diomandé et al (2015) Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of cervical myelopathy at the university hospital center of Cocody in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.Rev. méd. Madag 5(1): 501-504
- 12. Konate, M.B. (2012) Management of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in the neurosurgery department at Gabriel Toure University Hospital. University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali.
- 13. Aly Doumbia (2020) Slow Medullary compression (30 cases). Medical Thesis. University of Kankou Moussa de Bamako 117P.
- 14. Nurick S (1972) The pathogenesis of the spinal cord disorder associated with cervical spondylosis. Brain 95(1):87–100.
- 15. Loembe P.M et al (2004) Cervical spondylotic myelopathy with functional disability. Long term results concerning 18 patients operated on by anterior approach in Gabon. AJNS 23(1).
- 16. Kone Issa (2011). Management of vertebro-medullary tumors. Medical thesis. Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontostomatology of Mali 57-59.
- 17. Emel E, Abdallah A, Sofuoglu, Ofluoglu A, Gunes M, Guler B, Bilgic B (2017) Long-term Surgical Outcomes of Spinal Schwannomas: Retrospective Analysis of 49 Consecutive Cases, TurkNeurosurg 27(2):217-225.
References
Gilbert Dechambenoit (2006) Spine pathology, spinal cord, nerve. Neurosurgery Campus: 1/30: http://campus.neurochirurgie.fr/spip.php?article170
2. Farry A, Baxter D (2010) The incidence and prevalence of spinal cord injury in Canada: Overview and estimates based on current evidence. Rick Hansen Institute and Urban Futures.
3. Moutquin JM, Larouche K, Mayot MH, Rossignol M (2013) Traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injuries: comparative analysis of the characteristics and organization of rehabilitation care and services in Quebec. ETMIS; Vol 9: 6.
4. New PW, Sundararajan V (2008) Incidence of non-traumatic spinal cord injury in Victoria, Australia: A population-based study and literature review. Spinal Cord 46(6): 406-11.
5. Schönherr MC, Groothoff JW, Mulder GA, Eisma WH (1996) Rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord lesions in The Netherlands: An epidemiological study. Spinal Cord; 34(11): 679-83.
6. MAMMASSE S, MENDIL N (2016) Slow medullary Compression. Medical thesis. Université Abderrahmane Mir De Bejaia (ALGERIE)
7. Hauret L, Graef C, Bellaiche R, Dion AM, Geffroy Y, Bourcier B et al (2005) The spinal intracanal compartments: anatomy, semiology and pathology. Feuillets de Radiologie 45(1) : 37-48.
8. Harris P (1977) Cervical spine stenosis. Paraplegia 15(2):125-32.
9. Hima-Maiga A. et al (2020) Cervical myelopathy at the Era of CT Scan and MRI in Niger. Médecine d'Afrique Noire, 67:457-470.
10. Olarinoye-Akorede SA, Ibinaiye P.O et al (2016) Evaluation and modification of Kang’s MRI method of grading cervical spinal canal stenosis among african patients: an initial study. AJNS 35 (2)
11. M. Diomandé et al (2015) Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of cervical myelopathy at the university hospital center of Cocody in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.Rev. méd. Madag 5(1): 501-504
12. Konate, M.B. (2012) Management of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in the neurosurgery department at Gabriel Toure University Hospital. University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali.
13. Aly Doumbia (2020) Slow Medullary compression (30 cases). Medical Thesis. University of Kankou Moussa de Bamako 117P.
14. Nurick S (1972) The pathogenesis of the spinal cord disorder associated with cervical spondylosis. Brain 95(1):87–100.
15. Loembe P.M et al (2004) Cervical spondylotic myelopathy with functional disability. Long term results concerning 18 patients operated on by anterior approach in Gabon. AJNS 23(1).
16. Kone Issa (2011). Management of vertebro-medullary tumors. Medical thesis. Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontostomatology of Mali 57-59.
17. Emel E, Abdallah A, Sofuoglu, Ofluoglu A, Gunes M, Guler B, Bilgic B (2017) Long-term Surgical Outcomes of Spinal Schwannomas: Retrospective Analysis of 49 Consecutive Cases, TurkNeurosurg 27(2):217-225.