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ABSTRACT
Introduction. In Cameroon, cervical cancer is a major public health problem with a high incidence and mortality rate. The aim of our study was to identify risk factors for cervical cancer in 3 hospitals in Yaoundé. Methodology. We conducted a case-control study over a period of 6 months in 3 hospitals of Yaoundé namely the Gynaeco-obstetric and paediatric hospital, General Hospital and University Teaching Hospital. Cases were made of files of women aged 18 and above with cervical cancer at any stage confirmed by histology prior to any treatment before the study. Controls included files of women within the same age range with normal Pap smear or VIA/VILI. The matched 1 case for 3 controls. Results. We included 244 files made up of 61 cases and 183 controls. The mean age of the cases was 52,52 ± 12,19 years, ranging from 32 to 81 years old; that of the controls was 46,98± 8,93 years, ranging from 30 to 70 years. After multivariate analysis, the risk factors for cervical cancer were: originating from the central region [OR :7.35 CI(1.58-34.48)], HIV infection [OR :100 CI (9.43-1000)], absence of prior screening by Pap test or VIA VILLI [OR : 7.14 CI (1.36-37.03)], history of a symptomatic partner with an STI [OR: 11.62 CI (1.92-71.42)], genital cleansing ≤ 1 time/day [OR: 16.39 CI (2.98-90.90)], history of an STI [OR: 11.62 CI (1.92-71.42)]. Genital cleansing ≤ 1 time/day [OR: 16.39 CI (2.98-90.90)], family history of cervical cancer [OR: 13.51 CI (2.21-83.33)] and vaginal insertion of traditional capsules [OR: 6.89 CI(1.23-38.46)] . Conclusion. Several risk factors for cervical cancer have been identified. A better prevention and screening policy could focus on these specific groups of women at higher risk of cancer.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Au Cameroun, le cancer du col de l'utérus est un problème majeur de santé publique avec une incidence et un taux de mortalité élevés. L'objectif de notre étude était d'identifier les facteurs de risque du cancer du col de l'utérus dans 3 hôpitaux de Yaoundé. Méthodologie. Nous avons mené une étude cas-témoins sur une période de 6 mois dans 3 hôpitaux de Yaoundé, à savoir l'hôpital Gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique, l'hôpital général et l'hôpital universitaire. Les cas étaient composés de dossiers de femmes âgées de 18 ans et plus atteintes d'un cancer du col de l'utérus à tout stade confirmé par histologie avant tout traitement avant l'étude. Les témoins comprenaient des dossiers de femmes dans la même tranche d'âge avec un frottis de Pap normal ou un VIA / VILI. Nous avons apparié 1 cas pour 3 témoins. Résultats. Nous avons inclus 244 dossiers composés de 61 cas et 183 témoins. L'âge moyen des cas était de 52,52 ± 12,19 ans, variant de 32 à 81 ans; celui des témoins était de 46,98 ± 8,93 ans, variant de 30 à 70 ans. Après analyse multivariée, les facteurs de risque du cancer du col de l'utérus étaient : originaire de la région centrale [OR : 7,35 IC (1,58-34,48)], infection par le VIH [OR : 100 IC (9,43-1000)], absence de dépistage préalable par frottis de Pap ou VIA VILLI [OR : 7,14 IC (1,36-37,03)], antécédents d'un partenaire symptomatique atteint d'une IST [OR : 11,62 IC (1,92-71,42)], nettoyage génital ≤ 1 fois/jour [OR : 16,39 IC (2,98-90,90)], antécédents d'une IST [OR : 11,62 IC (1,92-71,42)]. Nettoyage génital ≤ 1 fois/jour [OR : 16,39 IC (2,98-90,90)], antécédents familiaux de cancer du col de l'utérus [OR : 13,51 IC (2,21-83,33)] et insertion vaginale de capsules traditionnelles [OR : 6,89 IC (1,23-38,46)]. Conclusion. Plusieurs facteurs de risque du cancer du col de l'utérus ont été identifiés. Une politique de prévention et de dépistage améliorée pourrait cibler ces groupes spécifiques de femmes à risque plus élevé de cancer.

Keywords

cervical cancer risk factors Yaoundé cancer du col de l'utérus facteurs de rique Yaoundé

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Martine Golda Tsafack Mekouzou, Junie Annick Metogo Ntsama, Etienne Atenguena Okobalemba, Marvin Richie Tsopmene, Valère Mve Koh, & Pascal Foumane. (2024). Risk Factors of Cervical Cancer in Yaounde: A Case-Control Study : Facteurs de Risque du Cancer du Col à Yaoundé : Une étude Cas - Témoins. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 25(5). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v25i5.5628
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