Précision de l'Échographie Comparée à l'Histopathologie dans l'Évaluation Des Tumeurs des Glandes Salivaires à Yaoundé (Cameroun)
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v2i3.5410Mots-clés :
échographie, histopathologie, tumeurs des glandes salivaires, CamerounRésumé
ABSTRACT
Context. Salivary gland tumors account for about 2.8 – 10% of all head and neck malignancies on the African continent. The scarcity of the equipment necessary for the specific diagnosis of these tumors has a direct impact on the management and outcome of patients, especially to specify the surgical indications. We aimed to assess the accuracy of ultrasound to determine the type of salivary gland tumors. Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study was done by reviewing files registered in the imaging departments of two reference hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon from January 2017 to December 2021. Children and adults with salivary gland tumors were included, and sociodemographic, clinical, ultrasound and histopathological data were collected. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were used to assess the accuracy. Results. A total of 51 participants were included in this study, with a mean age of 36.1 ± 20.2 years and 54.9% of female. Benign tumors were more common (56.9%), with pleomorphic adenoma (48.3%) and adenocarcinoma (36.3%) being the most frequent benign and malignant tumors respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound were respectively 72.7% (95% CI: 49.8–89.2) and 96.6% (95% CI: 82.2–99.9). Conclusion. Ultrasound is a highly specific and moderately sensitive test for the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. It could therefore be used to reassure patients who don't have cancer, but confirmation requires further tests.
RÉSUMÉ
Contexte. Les tumeurs des glandes salivaires représentent environ 2,8 à 10 % de tous les cancers de la tête et du cou sur le continent africain. La rareté de l'équipement nécessaire au diagnostic spécifique de ces tumeurs a un impact direct sur la prise en charge et le pronostic des patients, notamment pour préciser les indications chirurgicales. Nous avons cherché à évaluer la précision de l'échographie pour déterminer le type de tumeurs des glandes salivaires. Méthodes. Cette étude transversale rétrospective a été réalisée en examinant les dossiers enregistrés dans les services d'imagerie de deux hôpitaux de référence à Yaoundé, au Cameroun, de janvier 2017 à décembre 2021. Les enfants et les adultes présentant des tumeurs des glandes salivaires ont été inclus, et des données sociodémographiques, cliniques, échographiques et histopathologiques ont été recueillies. La sensibilité, la spécificité, les valeurs prédictives positives et négatives ont été utilisées pour évaluer la précision. Résultats. Au total, 51 participants ont été inclus dans cette étude, avec un âge moyen de 36,1 ± 20,2 ans et 54,9 % de femmes. Les tumeurs bénignes étaient plus fréquentes (56,9 %), avec l'adénome pléomorphe (48,3 %) et l'adénocarcinome (36,3 %) étant les tumeurs bénignes et malignes les plus fréquentes respectivement. La sensibilité et la spécificité de l'échographie étaient respectivement de 72,7 % (IC à 95 % : 49,8-89,2) et 96,6 % (IC à 95 % : 82,2-99,9). Conclusion. L'échographie est un test très spécifique et modérément sensible pour le diagnostic des tumeurs des glandes salivaires. Elle pourrait donc être utilisée pour rassurer les patients qui n'ont pas de cancer, mais la confirmation nécessite des tests supplémentaires.
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