Article Sidebar

Download
PDF

Main Article Content

Abstract

RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Au Cameroun, les dernières données sur l’épidémiologie clinique globale des cancers digestifs sont anciennes. L’objectif de notre travail est d’actualiser ces données, spécifiquement leur typologie et la stadification tumorale au moment du diagnostic. Patients et méthodes. Nous avons conduit une étude observationnelle descriptive avec recueil prospectif de données dans six hôpitaux de référence des deux principales villes du Cameroun. Tous les patients opérés d’un cancer digestif primitif, du 1er Janvier 2018 au 30 Juin 2020 (soit 30 mois), ont été inclus. Résultats. Nous avons colligé 278 patients durant la période d’étude. La chirurgie oncologique a représenté 8,9% de l’activité chirurgicale. L’âge moyen des patients était de 54,98±14,98 ans. La majorité était de sexe masculin (n=175 soit 55,7%) avec un sexe ratio de 1,26. Le cancer a été découvert dans la majorité des cas au décours d’une symptomatologie évocatrice (57,2%) et jamais lors d’un dépistage systématique. Les trois localisations tumorales les plus fréquentes étaient, par ordre décroissant : colorectale (n=136 soit 48,9%), pancréatique (n=53 soit 19,1%) et gastrique (n=50 soit 17,9%). Le type histologique le plus rencontré était l’adénocarcinome (60,4%). La stadification TNM montrait des tumeurs majoritairement diagnostiquées à des stades avancés (III et IV) dans 71,2% des cas (n=198). La chirurgie était palliative chez 35,5% des patients et avait été conduite en urgence dans 16,5% des cas. Conclusion. Les cancers digestifs occupent une place importante de l’activité chirurgicale dans notre contexte. Le cancer colorectal demeure le plus fréquent, suivi des cancers du pancréas. Le retard diagnostic demeure important avec une prédominance des formes avancées.


ABSTRACT
Introduction. In Cameroon, the latest data on the global clinical epidemiology of digestive cancers are old, specifically their typology and tumor staging at diagnosis. Patients and methods. We conducted a descriptive observational study with prospective data collection in six referral hospitals in the two main cities of Cameroon. All patients operated for primary digestive cancer from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2020 (i.e. 30 months) were included. Results. We recorded 278 patients; during the study period, cancer surgery represented 8.9% of surgical activity. The mean age of the patients was 54.98 ± 14.98 years. The majority of them were male (n = 175, 55.7%) with a sex ratio of 1.26. Cancer was discovered in the majority of cases after an evocative symptomatology (57.2%) and never during systematic screening. The three most frequent tumor locations were, in decreasing order: colorectal (n = 136, 48.9%), pancreatic (n = 53, 19.1%) and gastric (n = 50, 17.9%). The most common histological type was adenocarcinoma (60.4%). TNM staging showed tumors predominantly diagnosed at advanced stages (III and IV) in 71.2% of cases (n = 198). Surgery was palliative in 35.5% of patients and was performed urgently in 16.5% of cases. Conclusion. Digestive cancers occupy an important place in surgical activity in our context. Colorectal cancer remains the most common, with a high prevalence of pancreatic cancer. The diagnostic delay remains significant with a predominance of advanced forms.

Keywords

Digestive cancers; TNM stage ; Typology ; Surgical oncology; Africa Cancers digestifs ; Stade TNM ; Typologie ; Oncologie chirurgicale ; Afrique

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Guy Aristide, G. A., DJOPSEU, L. K., BEUGHEUM CHASIM, C., BWELLE MOTO, G., SAVOM, E. P., Savom, E. P., EKANI BOUKAR, Y. M., Missi, A. M., ESSOMBA, A., & SOSSO, M. A. (2021). Cancers Digestifs Opérés au Cameroun : Typologie et Stadification au Moment du Diagnostic. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 22(11). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v22i11.2997
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. OMS. Rapport sur la situation mondiale des maladies non transmissibles 2010. 2011. Available from: URL: https://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd_report-summary_fr.pdf?ua=1. Accessed 10 December 2020.
  2. OMS. Cancer. 2021. Available from: URL: https://www.who.int/fr/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer. Accessed 20 March 2021.
  3. Ly A, Khayat D, Dausset J. Le cancer en Afrique : de l’épidémiologie aux applications et perspectives de la recherche biomédicale. Paris : Institut national de la santé ; 2006.
  4. Echimane AK, Ahnoux AA, Adoubi I, Hien S, M'Bra K, et al. Cancer incidence in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. First results from the cancer registry, 1995-1997. Cancer 2000;89: 653-63.
  5. Parkin DM, Sitas F, Chirenge M, Stein L, Abratt R, et al. Part I: cancer in indigenous African – burden, distribution and trends. Lancet Oncol 2008;9(7): 683-92.
  6. Bang GA, Savom EP, Oumarou BN, Ngamy CKM, Moto GB, et al. Clinical epidemiology and mortality risk factors of gastric cancer in a sub-Saharan African setting: a retrospective analysis of 120 cases in Yaoundé (Cameroon). Pan Afr Med J 2020;37: 104.
  7. Nguefack CT, Biwole ME, Massom A, Kamgaing JT, Njamen TN, et al. Epidemiology and surgical management of breast cancer in gynecological department of Douala General Hospital. Pan Afr Med J 2012;13: 35.
  8. Gombé Mbalawa C, Diouf D, Nkoua Mbon JB, Minga B, Makouanzi Nsimba S, et al. Arrivée des malades cancéreux aux stades avancés : tentative d’identification de responsabilité. Bull Cancer 2013;100(2): 167-72.
  9. OMS. Cameroun. 2014. Available from: URL: https://www.who.int/cancer/country-profiles/cmr_fr.pdf?ua=1. Accessed 10 February 2021.
  10. OMS. Cancer tomorrow. 2020. Available from: URL: https://gco.iarc.fr/tomorrow/en/dataviz/isotype. Accessed 21 January 2020.
  11. Bray F, Jemal A, Grey N, Ferlay J, Forman D. Global cancer transitions according to the Human Development Index (2008–2030): a population-based study. Lancet Oncol 2012;13(8): 790–801.
  12. Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. JAMA Oncol 2019;5(12): 1749–68.
  13. Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, et al. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer 2010;127(12): 2893-917.
  14. Kuipers EJ, Grady WM, Lieberman D, Seufferlein T, Sung JJ, et al. Colorectal cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2015;1: 15065.
  15. Djeumi TW, Guifo ML, Bang A, Ngo Nonga B, Essomba A, et al. Statistical View of Malignant and Suspected Malignant Tumors in the Surgical Ward of the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital. J Carcinog Mutagen 2019;10: 339.
  16. Garba SM, Zaki HM, Arfaoui A, Hami H, Soulaymani A, et al. Épidémiologie des cancers au Niger, 1992 à 2009. Bull Cancer 2013;100(2): 127-33.
  17. Ndahindwa V, Ngendahayo L, Vyankandondera J. Aspects épidémiologiques et anatomopathologiques des cancers dans les centres hospitaliers universitaires (chu) du Rwanda. Rwanda Med J 2012;69(1): 40-9.
  18. Kadende P, Engels D, Ndoricimpa J, Ndabaneze E, Habonimana D, et al. Les cancers digestifs au burundi : Premiers résultats d’une enquête menée à Bujumbura. Med Afr Noire 1990;37(10): 552-61.
  19. Chbani L, Hafid I, Berraho M, Nejjari C, Amarti A. Digestive cancers in Morocco: Fez-Boulemane region. Pan Afr Med J 2012;13: 46.
  20. Lepage C, Remontet L, Launoy G, Trétarre B, Grosclaude P, et al. Trends in incidence of digestive cancers in France. Eur J Cancer Prev 2008;17(1): 13-7
  21. Miles ACJ, Smith RA, Wardle J. A perspective from countries using organized screening programmes. Cancer. 2004;101(5 suppl):1201–13.
  22. Eichholzer M, Richard A, Rohrmann S, Schmid SM, Leo C, et al. Breast cancer screening attendance in two Swiss regions dominated by opportunistic or organized screening. BMC Health Serv Res 2016;16(1): 519.
  23. Rajaraman P, Anderson BO, Basu P, Belinson JL, Cruz AD, et al. Recommendations for screening and early detection of common cancers in India. Lancet Oncol 2015;16:e352–61.
  24. Antilla A, Lönnberg S, Ponti A, Suonio E, Villain P, et al. Towards better implementation of cancer screening in Europe through improved monitoring and evaluation and greater engagement of cancer registries. Eur J Cancer 2015;51: 1080–81.
  25. Oshima A. A critical review of cancer screening programs in Japan. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 1994;10: 346–58.
  26. Ishikawa O, Ohigashi H, Imaoka S, Nakaizumi A, Uehara H, et al. Minute carcinoma of the pancreas measuring 1 cm or less in diameter--collective review of Japanese case reports. Hepatogastroenterology 1999;46(25): 8-15.
  27. Furukawa H, Okada S, Saisho H, Ariyama J, Karasawa E, et al. Clinicopathologic features of small pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A collective study. Cancer 1996;78(5): 986-90.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>