Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignant tumor of childhood. It is an important cause of ocular morbidity and mortality particularly in the underdeveloped countries.
Aim: describing the natural history, clinical features, management and outcome of patients with retinoblastoma at the University Teaching Hospital in Yaounde Cameroon.
Materials and methods: from January 2004 to March 2011,in this prospective and descriptive study, all patients with retinoblastoma were recruited. Variables studied included age of the patients at diagnosis, gender, and history of the presenting complaints, mode of presentation, previous treatment, and time interval between diagnosis and surgery, diagnosis before surgery, management. Follow up and outcom²e.
Results Eleven patients were diagnosed with retinoblastoma, 7males and 4 females a sex ratio of 0.57. The median age at diagnosis was 43,6±22,3 months. Leucocoria and exophthalmia were the most frequent presenting complaints in 50% and 25% of the cases respectively. The median lag time was 38 ±67,7 days. Eight patients were operated and 75% underwent enucleation. Three patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Death occurred in 6 cases (75%) within a year after surgery. Late arrival to the hospital and increased lag time before surgery were the main factors worsening the prognosis. Despite surgery and chemotherapy
Conclusion: there was no change observed from the situation 10 years ago in all aspect of retinoblastoma in our hospital despite the advances in the field of retinoblastoma. Could education and raising awareness have helped?
<w:LsdException LockeKeywords
Article Details
References
- Shields JA, Shields CL. Management and prognosis of retinoblastoma. In: Intraocular tumors a text and atlas Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1992; 377-392.
- Berman EL, Donaldson CE, Giblin M, Martin FJ. Outcome in retinoblastoma 1974-2005: The Chidren’s Hospital, Westmead :Clin Experiment opthalmol 2007; 35 (1): 5-12.
- Abramson DH. Retinoblastoma in the 20th century: past success and future challenges the Weisenfeld lecture Invest Ophthalmol Vis SCI 2005; 46:2683-2691.
- Bekibele CO, Ayede AL, Asaoulu OO, Brown BJ. Retinoblastoma: the challenges of management in Ibadan. Nigeria J Pediatr Hematol, Oncol 2009; 31 (8) : 552-5.
- Bowman RJ, Mafwiri M. Outcome of retinoblastoma in East Africa: Pediatric blood Cancer 2008; 50 (1): 160 - 2.
- Kivela T. The epidemiological challenge of the most frequent eye cancer: retinoblastoma, an issue of birth and death. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93:1129–31.
- Moukouri EN, Mc Moli T, Mba S. Epidemiologic aspects of retinoblastoma in a tropical region. Rev Int Trach Patho lOcul Trop Subtrop Santé publique 1994; 71:95-101.
- Kim JW, Abramson DH, Dunkel Ira J. Current Management Strategies for Intraocular Retinoblastoma Drugs 2007; 67 (15): 2173-2185.
- Murphree AL. Intraocular retinoblastoma: the case for new group classification. OphthalClin North Am 2005; 18: 41-53.
- Ropper –Hall M.J. Stallards eye surgery 7th ed. London:Wright, 1989; 425
- Ekenze SO, Ekwunife H , Eze BI, Ikefuna A, Amah CC, Emodi IJ . The burden of pediatric malignant solid tumors in a developing country. J Trop Pediatr 2010; 56 (2):111-4.
- Chang CY, Chiou TJ, Hwang B, Bai LY, HsuWM, Hsieh YL. Retinoblastoma in Taiwan:survival rate and prognostic factors. Japan J Opthal 2006 ; 50 (3) 242-9.
- Karla ES Rodrigues, Maria Do Rosario Latorre, Beatriz de Camargo: Delayed diagnosis in retinoblastoma, jornal of pediatria. 2004;80(6):511-6.
- Oussedik N, Ghemri-Bouyahia N, Hartani D. Le retinoblastome au CHU d’Alger rapport du 108 Congres de la SFO 2002 ; 205.
- Essuman V, Ntim- Amponsah CT, Akafo S, Renner L, EduseiL . Presentation of retinoblastoma at a pediatric eye clinic in Ghana. Ghana medical journal 2004 ; 44 ( 1) :10 -15.
- Erwenne CM, Franco EL. Age and lateness of referral as determinants of extraocular retinoblastoma. Ophthalmic paediatr Genet. 1989 ;10 :179-184.
- Buckley JD. The aetiology of cancer in the very young Br J Cancer Suppl 1992; 18: 8-12.
- Gunduz K, Muftuoglu O, Gunalp I, Unal E, Tacyildiz N. Metastatic retinoblastoma clinical features, treatment ,and prognosis. Ophthalmology 2006 ; 113(9):1558-66.
- Pendergrass TW, Davis S. Incidence of retinoblastoma in the United States ; Arch Ophthalmol, 1980 ; 98 (7) 1204 – 10.
- Chantada G, Fandino A, Manzitti J. Urrutia L, Schwarztzmann E. Late diagnosis of retinoblastoma in a developing country. Ach Dis Child 1999; 80: 171-4.
- Kutner B, Makover H, Opphenheim A. Delayed in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer: a critical analysis of the literature J Chronic disease 1958; 7:95-120.
- Sanders BM, Draper GJ, Kingston JE. Retinoblastoma in Britain 1969 – 80 : incidence treatment, and survival BJO 1988 ; 72 : 576-83.
- Helen Dimaras, Elizabeth A O Dimba,Brenda L Gallie : Challenging the global retinoblastoma survival disparity through a collaborative research effort . Br J Ophthalmol 2010; 94:1415-1416.
- Yang IH, Kuo HK, Chen YJ, Lee JJ, Lin SA. Review of 20 years clinical experience with retinoblastoma’s in southern Taiwan. Chang Gunn Med J 2008 Sep –oct 31(5):484-91.
- Murphrey AL, Villablanca JG, Degan WF III. Chemotherapy plus local treatment in the management of intraocular retinoblastoma. Arch Opth 1996; 114:1348-1456.
- Canturk S, Qaddouni I, KhetanV . Survival of retinoblastoma in less developed countries impact of socioeconomic and health –related indicators
References
Shields JA, Shields CL. Management and prognosis of retinoblastoma. In: Intraocular tumors a text and atlas Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1992; 377-392.
Berman EL, Donaldson CE, Giblin M, Martin FJ. Outcome in retinoblastoma 1974-2005: The Chidren’s Hospital, Westmead :Clin Experiment opthalmol 2007; 35 (1): 5-12.
Abramson DH. Retinoblastoma in the 20th century: past success and future challenges the Weisenfeld lecture Invest Ophthalmol Vis SCI 2005; 46:2683-2691.
Bekibele CO, Ayede AL, Asaoulu OO, Brown BJ. Retinoblastoma: the challenges of management in Ibadan. Nigeria J Pediatr Hematol, Oncol 2009; 31 (8) : 552-5.
Bowman RJ, Mafwiri M. Outcome of retinoblastoma in East Africa: Pediatric blood Cancer 2008; 50 (1): 160 - 2.
Kivela T. The epidemiological challenge of the most frequent eye cancer: retinoblastoma, an issue of birth and death. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93:1129–31.
Moukouri EN, Mc Moli T, Mba S. Epidemiologic aspects of retinoblastoma in a tropical region. Rev Int Trach Patho lOcul Trop Subtrop Santé publique 1994; 71:95-101.
Kim JW, Abramson DH, Dunkel Ira J. Current Management Strategies for Intraocular Retinoblastoma Drugs 2007; 67 (15): 2173-2185.
Murphree AL. Intraocular retinoblastoma: the case for new group classification. OphthalClin North Am 2005; 18: 41-53.
Ropper –Hall M.J. Stallards eye surgery 7th ed. London:Wright, 1989; 425
Ekenze SO, Ekwunife H , Eze BI, Ikefuna A, Amah CC, Emodi IJ . The burden of pediatric malignant solid tumors in a developing country. J Trop Pediatr 2010; 56 (2):111-4.
Chang CY, Chiou TJ, Hwang B, Bai LY, HsuWM, Hsieh YL. Retinoblastoma in Taiwan:survival rate and prognostic factors. Japan J Opthal 2006 ; 50 (3) 242-9.
Karla ES Rodrigues, Maria Do Rosario Latorre, Beatriz de Camargo: Delayed diagnosis in retinoblastoma, jornal of pediatria. 2004;80(6):511-6.
Oussedik N, Ghemri-Bouyahia N, Hartani D. Le retinoblastome au CHU d’Alger rapport du 108 Congres de la SFO 2002 ; 205.
Essuman V, Ntim- Amponsah CT, Akafo S, Renner L, EduseiL . Presentation of retinoblastoma at a pediatric eye clinic in Ghana. Ghana medical journal 2004 ; 44 ( 1) :10 -15.
Erwenne CM, Franco EL. Age and lateness of referral as determinants of extraocular retinoblastoma. Ophthalmic paediatr Genet. 1989 ;10 :179-184.
Buckley JD. The aetiology of cancer in the very young Br J Cancer Suppl 1992; 18: 8-12.
Gunduz K, Muftuoglu O, Gunalp I, Unal E, Tacyildiz N. Metastatic retinoblastoma clinical features, treatment ,and prognosis. Ophthalmology 2006 ; 113(9):1558-66.
Pendergrass TW, Davis S. Incidence of retinoblastoma in the United States ; Arch Ophthalmol, 1980 ; 98 (7) 1204 – 10.
Chantada G, Fandino A, Manzitti J. Urrutia L, Schwarztzmann E. Late diagnosis of retinoblastoma in a developing country. Ach Dis Child 1999; 80: 171-4.
Kutner B, Makover H, Opphenheim A. Delayed in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer: a critical analysis of the literature J Chronic disease 1958; 7:95-120.
Sanders BM, Draper GJ, Kingston JE. Retinoblastoma in Britain 1969 – 80 : incidence treatment, and survival BJO 1988 ; 72 : 576-83.
Helen Dimaras, Elizabeth A O Dimba,Brenda L Gallie : Challenging the global retinoblastoma survival disparity through a collaborative research effort . Br J Ophthalmol 2010; 94:1415-1416.
Yang IH, Kuo HK, Chen YJ, Lee JJ, Lin SA. Review of 20 years clinical experience with retinoblastoma’s in southern Taiwan. Chang Gunn Med J 2008 Sep –oct 31(5):484-91.
Murphrey AL, Villablanca JG, Degan WF III. Chemotherapy plus local treatment in the management of intraocular retinoblastoma. Arch Opth 1996; 114:1348-1456.
Canturk S, Qaddouni I, KhetanV . Survival of retinoblastoma in less developed countries impact of socioeconomic and health –related indicators