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Abstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Les plaies chroniques sont des affections sévères qui peuvent évoluer en cancers. Leur prise en charge est difficile à cause de la multitude des facteurs à l’origine de leur constitution. Les thérapeutiques disponibles sont nombreuses mais pour la plupart inabordables et de moins en moins efficaces. Notre travail a donc consisté à étudier une préparation à base de plantes utilisée localement dans le traitement des plaies chroniques. La recette a été obtenue à la suite d’une enquête ethnobotanique effectuée auprès d’une tradipraticienne. Elle est constituée des écorces de tronc de Petersianthus macrocarpus et Vernonia conferta, ainsi que des écorces de racines de Carica papaya. Matériels et méthodes. Nous avons réalisé une analyse botanique des plantes ainsi qu’un screening phytochimique desmacérats aqueux et hydroalcooliques. Ensuite, la détermination de l’activité antibactérienne de ces extraits a consisté en l’évaluation de leur propreté microbiologique, la détermination de la sensibilité de trois espèces bactériennes fortement impliquées dans la surinfection des plaies et le calcul des Concentrations Minimales Inhibitrice (CMI) et Bactéricide (CMB). Résultats. Seuls deux germes se sont révélés être sensibles à nos extraits. Toutefois, aucune CMI n’a pu être définie avec précision, rendant difficile la détermination des valeurs de CMB, pour lesquelles nous avons eu des résultats supérieurs à 200 mg/ml. Conclusion. D’après les valeurs de CMB obtenues au cours de nos expériences, l’activité antibactérienne de nos extraits ne peut être prouvée à ce stade. La propriété curative de cette recette ne serait donc pas essentiellement liée au pouvoir antimicrobien des plantes qui la constituent.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Chronic wounds are severe affections that can evolve into cancers. Their care is difficult because of the multitude of factorsbehind their constitution. The available therapies are numerous but for the most part unaffordable and/orless and less effective. Our work therefore consisted in studying an herbal preparation used locally in the treatment of chronic wounds. The recipe was obtained following an ethnobotanical survey carried out with a traditional healer. It consists of the trunk bark of Petersianthus macrocarpus and Vernonia conferta, as well as Carica papaya’s root bark. Materials and methods. We carried out a botanical analysis of the plants as well as a phytochemical screening of aqueous and hydroalcoholic macerates. Then, the determination of the antibacterial activity of these extracts consisted of the evaluation of their microbiological cleanliness, the determination of the sensitivity of three specific germs strongly involved in the superinfection of wounds and the calculation of Minimum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentrations (MIC and MBC). Results. As results, two germs out of three proved to be sensitive to our extracts. However, no MICs could be precisely defined, making it difficult to determine MBC values. In fact, we got results above 200 mg/ml for many samples. Conclusion. Based on the results obtained during our experiments, the antibacterial activity of our extracts cannot be proven at this stage. Therefore, the curative action in wounds healing of this recipe may not be only due to the antimicrobialeffects of the plants which constitute it.
Article Details
References
- Burnichon N, Texier A. L’antibiogramme : la détermination des sensibilités aux antibiotiques. DES Bactériologie. Paris, 2003.
- Stadelmann WK, Digenis AG, Tobin GR. Physiology and healing dynamics of chronic cutaneous wounds. American journal of surgery. 1998;176(2A Suppl):26S-38S.
- Edwards R, Harding KG. Bacteria and wound healing. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 2004;17(2):91-6.
- Pharmacopée Européenne. 9e Edition. 2016.
- Kouadio NJ, Guessennd NK, Kone NW, Moussa B, Koffi YM, Guédé KB, et al. Evaluation de l’activité des feuilles de Mallotus oppositifolius (Geisel.) Müll.-Arg (Euphorbiaceae) sur des bactéries multirésistantes et criblage phytochimique. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2015;9(3):1252-62.
- Dickinson B. Standard de turbidité préparé BBL. Becton Dickinson and Company, 2005.
- Yusha’u M, Onuorah F, Murtala Y. In vitro sensitivity pattern of some urinary tract isolates to Carica papaya extracts. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 2009;2(2):75-8.
- Ati B, Iwara I, Bassey A, Igile G, Duke E, Ebong P. Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Extract–Fractions of Vernonia calvoana against Selected Stock Cultures in Microbiology Laboratory, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci.2016;5(5):512-20.
- Aliyu AB, Musa AM, Abdullahi MS, Ibrahim H, Oyewale AO. Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activities of Vernonia ambigua, Vernonia blumeoides and Vernonia oocephala (Asteraceae). world. 2011;10:11.
- Alabi OA, Haruna MT, Anokwuru CP, Jegede T, Abia H, Okegbe VU, et al. Comparative studies on antimicrobial properties of extracts of fresh and dried leaves of Carica papaya (L) on clinical bacterial and fungal isolates. Advances in Applied Science Research.2012;3(5):3107-14.
- Mabeku LBK, Roger KJ, Louis OEJ. Screening of some plants used in the cameroonian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. International Journal of Biology. 2011;3(4):13.
- Nayak BS, Pereira LP, Maharaj D. Wound healing activity of Carica papaya L. in experimentally induced diabetic rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology Vol 45, August 2007, pp. 739-743.
References
Burnichon N, Texier A. L’antibiogramme : la détermination des sensibilités aux antibiotiques. DES Bactériologie. Paris, 2003.
Stadelmann WK, Digenis AG, Tobin GR. Physiology and healing dynamics of chronic cutaneous wounds. American journal of surgery. 1998;176(2A Suppl):26S-38S.
Edwards R, Harding KG. Bacteria and wound healing. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 2004;17(2):91-6.
Pharmacopée Européenne. 9e Edition. 2016.
Kouadio NJ, Guessennd NK, Kone NW, Moussa B, Koffi YM, Guédé KB, et al. Evaluation de l’activité des feuilles de Mallotus oppositifolius (Geisel.) Müll.-Arg (Euphorbiaceae) sur des bactéries multirésistantes et criblage phytochimique. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2015;9(3):1252-62.
Dickinson B. Standard de turbidité préparé BBL. Becton Dickinson and Company, 2005.
Yusha’u M, Onuorah F, Murtala Y. In vitro sensitivity pattern of some urinary tract isolates to Carica papaya extracts. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 2009;2(2):75-8.
Ati B, Iwara I, Bassey A, Igile G, Duke E, Ebong P. Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Extract–Fractions of Vernonia calvoana against Selected Stock Cultures in Microbiology Laboratory, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci.2016;5(5):512-20.
Aliyu AB, Musa AM, Abdullahi MS, Ibrahim H, Oyewale AO. Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activities of Vernonia ambigua, Vernonia blumeoides and Vernonia oocephala (Asteraceae). world. 2011;10:11.
Alabi OA, Haruna MT, Anokwuru CP, Jegede T, Abia H, Okegbe VU, et al. Comparative studies on antimicrobial properties of extracts of fresh and dried leaves of Carica papaya (L) on clinical bacterial and fungal isolates. Advances in Applied Science Research.2012;3(5):3107-14.
Mabeku LBK, Roger KJ, Louis OEJ. Screening of some plants used in the cameroonian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. International Journal of Biology. 2011;3(4):13.
Nayak BS, Pereira LP, Maharaj D. Wound healing activity of Carica papaya L. in experimentally induced diabetic rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology Vol 45, August 2007, pp. 739-743.