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Abstract
RÉSUMÉ
Objective. To assess national vaccination coverage, adverse events following immunization (AEFI) and evaluate the vaccination status in COVID infected patients. Methods. Sociodemographic data on vaccination and clinical characteristics of Covid-19 cases were extracted from the national COVID-19 databases of the Public Health Emergency Center and the Expanded Program on Immunization. Result. A total number of 808 229 out of 27 869 965 (2.9%) were fully immunized on 13 February 2022 in the Cameroon. The most requested vaccine was Janssen with 48.24% of total doses administered. Women were less vaccinated than men and with a remarkable disparity in northern regions of the country. The Adamawa region presented the best performance 11.3% of adults fully immunized. Despite vaccinal coverage still insufficient among health care worker, they were the most vaccinated among priority groups (43.4%). Only 8% COVID-19 cases were vaccinated and 0.22 % of all vaccinated still developed COVID-19. Tolerability assessment identified 1.83 non-serious AEFI and 0.1 serious AEFI per 1000 doses administered. Only 7% of vaccinated individual still developed laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Conclusion. COVID-19 vaccination coverage is still low in Cameroon compared to the target of 60%. Although data completeness is still an issue, the protection against severe forms of the disease provided by the vaccines currently used is quite satisfactory. There is however a need to intensify all strategies to make people adhere to vaccination in order to protect them against severe form of the disease.
ABSTRACT
Objectif. Évaluer la couverture vaccinale nationale, les manifestations adverses post-immunisation (MAPI) et d'évaluer le statut vaccinal des patients infectés par la COVID. Méthodes. Les données sociodémographiques sur la vaccination et les caractéristiques cliniques des cas de COVID-19 ont été extraites des bases de données nationales du COVID-19 du Centre des Urgences de Santé Publique et du Programme Élargi de Vaccination. Résultat. Un nombre total de 808 229 sur 27 869 965 (2,9%) a été complètement vacciné le 13 février 2022 au Cameroun. Le vaccin le plus demandé était Janssen avec 48,24 % des doses totales administrées. La région de l'Adamaoua présentait la meilleure performance (11,3% d'adultes totalement vaccines). Les personnels soignants étaient les plus vaccinés parmi les groupes prioritaires (43,4%). Seuls 8 % des cas de COVID-19 ont été vaccinés et 0,22 % de tous les vaccinés ont encore développé le COVID-19. L'évaluation de la tolérance a identifié 1,83 MAPI non graves et 0,1 MAPI grave pour 1000 doses administrées. Seuls 7% des individus vaccinés ont encore développé le COVID-19 confirmé en laboratoire. Conclusion. La couverture vaccinale COVID-19 est encore faible au Cameroun par rapport à l'objectif de 60%. La protection contre les formes graves de la maladie apportée par les vaccins actuellement utilisés est tout à fait satisfaisante. Il est cependant nécessaire d'intensifier toutes les stratégies pour faire adhérer la population à la vaccination afin de les protéger contre les formes graves de la maladie.
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References
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References
WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 13]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int
Cameroon: WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard With Vaccination Data [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 13]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int
Suivi des variants du SARS-CoV-2 [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 13]. Available from: https://www.who.int/fr/health-topics/health-promotion/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants
COVID-19 vaccine efficacy summary [Internet]. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 2021 [cited 2022 Feb 13]. Available from: https://www.healthdata.org/covid/covid-19-vaccine-efficacy-summary
Cameroon Population (2022) - Worldometer [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 13]. Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/cameroon-population/
Cameroon Population 2022 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs) [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 13]. Available from: https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/cameroon-population
Phadke VK, Bednarczyk RA, Salmon DA, Omer SB. Association Between Vaccine Refusal and Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States: A Review of Measles and Pertussis. JAMA. 2016 Mar 15;315(11):1149–58.
Benecke O, DeYoung SE. Anti-Vaccine Decision-Making and Measles Resurgence in the United States. Glob Pediatr Health. 2019;6:2333794X19862949.
Graham BS. Rapid COVID-19 vaccine development. Science. 2020 May 29;368(6494):945–6.
Sharma O, Sultan AA, Ding H, Triggle CR. A Review of the Progress and Challenges of Developing a Vaccine for COVID-19. Front Immunol. 2020;11:585354.
Harrison EA, Wu JW. Vaccine confidence in the time of COVID-19. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020 Apr;35(4):325–30.
Pogue K, Jensen JL, Stancil CK, Ferguson DG, Hughes SJ, Mello EJ, et al. Influences on Attitudes Regarding Potential COVID-19 Vaccination in the United States. Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Oct 3;8(4):E582.
Machida M, Nakamura I, Kojima T, Saito R, Nakaya T, Hanibuchi T, et al. Acceptance of a COVID-19 Vaccine in Japan during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Mar 3;9(3):210.
Ritchie H, Mathieu E, Rodés-Guirao L, Appel C, Giattino C, Ortiz-Ospina E, et al. Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). Our World in Data [Internet]. 2020 Mar 5 [cited 2022 Feb 13]; Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations
Cameroon: WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard With Vaccination Data [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 19]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int
Reiter PL, Pennell ML, Katz ML. Acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine among adults in the United States: How many people would get vaccinated? Vaccine. 2020 Sep 29;38(42):6500–7.
Leng A, Maitland E, Wang S, Nicholas S, Liu R, Wang J. Individual preferences for COVID-19 vaccination in China. Vaccine. 2021 Jan 8;39(2):247–54.
Murphy J, Vallières F, Bentall RP, Shevlin M, McBride O, Hartman TK, et al. Psychological characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Nat Commun. 2021 Jan 4;12(1):29.
Nguyen KH, Srivastav A, Razzaghi H, Williams W, Lindley MC, Jorgensen C, et al. COVID-19 Vaccination Intent, Perceptions, and Reasons for Not Vaccinating Among Groups Prioritized for Early Vaccination - United States, September and December 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Feb 12;70(6):217–22.
Lazarus JV, Ratzan SC, Palayew A, Gostin LO, Larson HJ, Rabin K, et al. A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Nat Med. 2021 Feb;27(2):225–8.
Ahmed MH, Kanfe SG, Jarso MH. Intention to receive vaccine against COVID-19 and associated factors among health professionals working at public hospitals in resource limited settings. PLOS ONE. 2021 Jul 12;16(7):e0254391.
Washington State Department of Health. COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths by Vaccination Status [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2022 Feb 13]. Available from: https://doh.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2022-02/421-010-CasesInNotFullyVaccinated.pdf
COVID-19 Cases by Vaccination Status [Internet]. Coronavirus. [cited 2022 Apr 3]. Available from: https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/coronavirus/see-the-numbers/covid-19-in-virginia/covid-19-cases-by-vaccination-status/
Rosenblum HG, Hadler SC, Moulia D, Shimabukuro TT, Su JR, Tepper NK, et al. Use of COVID-19 Vaccines After Reports of Adverse Events Among Adult Recipients of Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna): Update from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, July 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Aug 13;70(32):1094–9.
Houshmand B, Keyhan SO, Fallahi HR, Ramezanzade S, Sadeghi E, Yousefi P. Vaccine-associated complications: a comparative multicenter evaluation among dental practitioners and dental students—which candidate vaccine is more safe in SARS COV II, Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca), BBV152 (Covaxin), or BBIBP-CorV(Sinopharm)? Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery [Internet]. 2022 Dec [cited 2022 Feb 19];44(1). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8755981/
Xia S, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Yang Y, Gao GF, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBIBP-CorV: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2021 Jan;21(1):39.
Ali Sahraian M, Ghadiri F, Azimi A, Naser Moghadasi A. Adverse events reported by Iranian patients with multiple sclerosis after the first dose of Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV. Vaccine. 2021 Oct 15;39(43):6347–50.
Sigha OB, Nkoro GA, Kotto RE, Kelbaba BB, Kouotou EA. Herpes Zoster in a Young Cameroonian Triggered by the COVID-19 Vaccine. Health Sci Dis [Internet]. 2022 Jun 29 [cited 2022 Jul 6];23(7). Available from: https://www.hsd-fmsb.org/index.php/hsd/article/view/3753
Amit S, Beni SA, Biber A, Grinberg A, Leshem E, Regev-Yochay G. Postvaccination COVID-19 among Healthcare Workers, Israel. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021 Apr;27(4):1220–2.