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ABSTRACT
Background. Anemia is a common co-morbidity in heart failure (HF). It is associated with poor clinical status and worse outcomes. There is paucity of data on prognostic impact of anemia in patients admitted for acute decompensated heart failure in Cameroon. Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia, associated factors and its impact on outcome in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study in consecutive patients hospitalized with HF between June 2016 and November 2017. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin < 12 g/dl in women and < 13 g/dl in men. Results. During the study period, 86 patients were hospitalized with heart failure. Of these, 68 patients had hemoglobin recorded and were included in this study. There were 31 (46.4%) males. Mean age (SD) was 59.4 ± 17.7 years. The mean (SD) hemoglobin concentration was 12.3 (2.4) g/dL. Anemia was present in 42.7%, [95% CI: 30.7 – 55.2]) of the patients, of which it was mild in 31%, moderate in 62.1%, and severe in 6.9% patients. Those with anemia had significantly elevated creatinine>13mg/l (p=0.016), left ventricular hypertrophy (p=0.018), and left atrial dilation (p=0.045). In bivariate analyses, serum creatinine > 13 mg/L (aOR=3.1, 95%CI: 1.1-8.9) was associated with anemia. All deaths (100%) occurred in patients without anemia. Conclusion. Anemia was frequent in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Elevated serum creatinine, left ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial enlargement were significantly associated with anemia. Anemia might not be a driver of poor outcome. There is need for larger studies to assess the prognostic impact of anemia in hospitalized heart failure patients in our setting.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. L'anémie est une comorbidité fréquente de l'insuffisance cardiaque (IC). Elle est associée à une aggravation de l’état clinique et un mauvais pronostic. Il existe peu de données sur l'impact pronostique de l'anémie chez les patients admis pour insuffisance cardiaque aiguë décompensée au Cameroun. Objectifs. Le but de cette étude était de déterminer la prévalence de l'anémie, les facteurs associés et son impact sur le pronostic chez les patients hospitalisés pour insuffisance cardiaque. Méthodologie. Nous avons mené une étude transversale chez des patients hospitalisés pour IC entre juin 2016 et novembre 2017. L'anémie était définie comme un taux d’hémoglobine < 12 g/dl chez la femme et < 13 g/dl chez l'homme. Résultats. Au cours de la période d’étude, 86 patients ont été hospitalisés pour insuffisance cardiaque. Parmi eux, 68 patients ont eu un taux d'hémoglobine enregistré et ont été inclus dans cette étude. Il y avait 31 (46,4 %) hommes. L'âge moyen était de 59,4 ± 17,7 ans. Le taux moyen d’hémoglobine était de 12,3 g/dL. L'anémie était présente chez 42,7 % [IC 95 % : 30,7 – 55,2]) des patients ; elle était légère chez 31 %, modérée chez 62,1 % et sévère chez 6,9 % des patients. Les personnes souffrant d'anémie présentaient une créatininémie significativement élevée > 13 mg/l (p = 0,016), une hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche (p = 0,018) et une dilatation auriculaire gauche (p = 0,045). En analyse bivariée, une créatinine sérique > 13 mg/L (aOR=3,1, IC 95 % : 1,1-8,9) était associée à une anémie. Tous les décès (100 %) sont survenus chez des patients sans anémie. Conclusion. L'anémie était fréquente chez les patients hospitalisés pour insuffisance cardiaque. Une créatininémie élevée, une hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche et une dilatation de l'oreillette gauche étaient associées de manière significative à l'anémie. L’anémie n’est peut-être pas un facteur de mauvais résultats. Des études plus vastes sont nécessaires pour évaluer l’impact pronostique de l’anémie chez les patients hospitalisés pour insuffisance cardiaque dans notre contexte.

Keywords

Heart failure, anemia, mortality, outcome, Cameroon

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Siddikatou Djibrilla, Clovis Nkoke, Denis Teuwafeu, Cyrille Nkouonlack, Ahmadou Musa Jingi, Ronald Gobina, & Jean Jacques Noubiap. (2024). Prevalence, Correlates and Outcome of Anemia in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure at the Buea Regional Hospital, South West Region of Cameroon. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v25i2.5218
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