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Abstract

ABSTRACT
Introduction. Intrauterine foetal death (IUFD); defined as foetal demise occurring after 22 completed weeks of gestation or with foetus weighing ≥500g, is of great concern in our healthcare delivery system. Understanding the factors associated with IUFD is imperative for the elaboration of effective prevention strategies. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with IUFD in two hospitals in Yaoundé. Methods. We conducted a retrospective case-control study at the central hospital and Efoulan district hospital in Yaoundé; two hospitals known to have a high turnover of pregnant cases. We reviewed the medical records of women who delivered in these institutions from March 2021 to March 2023. Cases included files of women who had a confirmed diagnosis of IUFD from 22 completed weeks of gestation and before the onset of labour. Controls consisted of files of women with live births in the same hospitals during the same period, matched against maternal age and parity. A total of 155 cases and 155 controls were included in the analysis. Results. Our study identified several significant risk factors associated with IUFD. They include being single, housewife as occupation, a previous history of IUFD, having less than four antenatal contacts, being ill during pregnancy, foetal abnormalities, and placental abnormalities. Conversely, a university-level of education, receiving antenatal care from an obstetrician/gynaecologist or resident in obstetrics and gynaecology, and others were protective factors. Conclusion. Poor antenatal care, being single, housewife, having lower level of education, having a history of previous IUFD, maternal illnesses during pregnancy, foetal abnormalities, and placental abnormalities have higher odds of IUFD.


RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. La mort fœtale in utéro (MFIU) est une grande préoccupation dans notre contexte. Comprendre les facteurs y associés est impératif pour l'élaboration de stratégies de prévention. Cette étude visait à étudier les facteurs associés à la MFIU. Méthodes. Nous avons mené une étude rétrospective type cas-témoins à l'hôpital central et à l'hôpital de district d'Efoulan à Yaoundé, deux hôpitaux très fréquentés. Nous avons étudié les dossiers médicaux des femmes ayant accouché dans ces établissements de mars 2021 à mars 2023. Les cas comprenaient des dossiers de femmes qui avaient un diagnostic confirmé de MFIU à partir de 22 semaines révolues de grossesse et avant le début du travail. Les contrôles étaient des dossiers de femmes ayant eu des naissances vivantes dans ces hôpitaux durant la même période, appariées selon l'âge et la parité maternels. Au total, 155 cas et 155 témoins ont été inclus. Résultats. Notre étude a identifié comme facteurs de risque associés à la MFIU le fait d'être célibataire, une femme au foyer comme profession, l’antécédents de MFIU, avoir moins de quatre contacts prénatals, être malade pendant la grossesse, et des anomalies fœtales et placentaires. Par contre, un niveau d’éducation universitaire, avoir comme prestataire de soins prénatals un spécialiste ou résident en obstétrique-gynécologie, entre autres, étaient des facteurs protecteurs. Conclusion. Les soins prénatals inadéquats, être mère célibataire ou femme au foyer, un niveau d'éducation bas, l’antécédents de MFIU, les maladies maternelles pendant la grossesse, des anomalies fœtales et placentaires augmentent le risque de MFIU.

Keywords

Intrauterine foetal death, risk factors, pregnancy, antenatal care, Yaoundé. Mort fœtal in utéro, facteurs de risque, grossesse, soins prénataux, Yaoundé

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How to Cite
Ebong Cliford Ebontane, Akelekeh Ndah, Nyada Serge, Tompeen Isidore, Sese Ekolle Mbonde, & Mbu Robinson Enow. (2024). Risk Factors Associated with Intrauterine Fetal Death in the City of Yaounde: A Case-Control Study : Facteurs Associés à la Mort Fœtale in Utero à Yaoundé : Une Étude Cas-Témoin . HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 25(6). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v25i6.5787
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