Main Article Content
Abstract
But. La filariose lymphatique maladie tropicale négligée, débilitante à transmission vectorielle existe en Afrique, Asie et Amérique du Sud. Près de 119 millions de personnes en sont infectées. L’une des stratégies de lutte consiste en l’interruption de la transmission du parasite par l’administration annuelle d’une dose unique de diéthylcarbamazine ou d’ivermectine-albendazole aux personnes exposées en zone d’endémie (prévalence microfilarémie > 1%). Après onze tours de traitement de masse (TDM), nous avons voulu évaluer l’impact du TDM sur la transmission du parasite. Méthodologie. Une étude prospective transversale menée dans 6 sites de février à mars 2014. Ont été inclus toutes personnes résidentes consentantes âgés de plus de 5 ans. Les variables étudiées étaient la fréquence du lymphoedème et de l’hydrocèle, la prévalence de la microfilarémie, la densité parasitaire moyenne et la transmission du parasite.
Résultats. Nous avons recruté 2773 personnes (1302 hommes et 1471 femmes), d’une moyenne d’âge de 22,73 ans. Le taux de couverture thérapeutique était de 80% durant les onze TDM. La fréquence de lymphoedème était de 1,33%, et celle de l’hydrocèle de 1,69%. La prévalence de la microfilarémie était 1,8%. La densité parasitaire moyenne était 157 mf/ml. La réduction de la prévalence microfilarienne était de 95,14% en onze TDM dans la région de l’Est du Burkina en 12 ans. Conclusion. L’impact du traitement de masse est réel, mais la transmission du parasite n’a pas été interrompue.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Lymphatic Filariasis neglected tropical disease, debilitating vector-borne exists in Africa, Asia and South America. Nearly 119 million people are infected. One of the strategies involves the interruption of parasite transmission by the annual administration of a single dose of diéthylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin-albendazole to exposed persons in endemic areas (prevalence microfilaremia> 1%). After 11 rounds of mass Drug Administration (MDA), we wanted to assess the impact of MDA on parasite transmission in East region of Burkina Faso. Methodology: This was a descriptive prospective cross-sectional study. It was conducted in 6 sites in the region from February to March 2014. Were included all consenting resident persons over 5 years. Studied variables were: frequency of lymphedema and hydrocele, prevalence de la microfilaremia, mean parasite density and parasite transmission.
Results: We recruited 2773 people (1302 men and 1471 women), mean age of 22.73 years, 94.93% had received at least once MDA and 23.34% received 6. The therapeutic coverage was about 80% during the 11 MDA. The frequency of lymphoedema was 1.33% and 1.69% for hydrocele. The prevalence of microfilaria was 1.8%. The mean parasite density was 157 mf / ml. The reduction of microfilaria prevalence was 95.14% in 11 MDA in eastern region of Burkina. Conclusion. The impact of MDA is real; however, the transmission is not interrupted yet.
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References
- Molyneux DH, Taylor MJ. Current status and future prospects of the Global Lymphatic Filariasis Programme. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2001; 14: 155–159.
- Haddix AC, Kestler A. Lymphatic filariasis: economic aspects of the disease and programmes for its elimination. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2000; 94: 592–593.
- Ottesen EA, Hooper PJ, Bradley M, et al. The global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: health impact after 8 years. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2008; 2: e317.
- Stolk WA, Quirine A, De Vlas SJ, et al. Modeling the impact and costs of semiannual mass drug administration for accelerated elimination of lymphatic filariasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7: e1984.
- Wynd S, Melrose WD, Durrheim DN, et al. Understanding the community impact of lymphatic filariasis: a review of the sociocultural literature. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85: 493–498.
- Coreil J, Mayard G. Indigenization of illness support groups for lymphatic filariasis in Haiti. Anthropol Public Health Bridg Differ Cult Soc 2009; 245–265.
- Organization WH, others. Monitoring and epidemiological assessment of mass drug administration in the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: a manual for national elimination programmes (2011).
- Recensement Général de la Population Humaine 2006. INSD Burkina Faso. (accessed 8 September 2016).
- Balam MS. Impact du traitement de masse sur l’infection et la transmission de la filariose lymphatique par l’association albendazole/ivermectine en zone de savane sud soudanienne, Mali. Thèse de Médecine 2007 Bamako Mali.
- Bockarie MJ, Tisch DJ, Kastens W, et al. Mass treatment to eliminate filariasis in Papua New Guinea. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 1841–1848.
- Michael E, Malecela-Lazaro MN, Simonsen PE, et al. Mathematical modelling and the control of lymphatic filariasis. Lancet Infect Dis 2004; 4: 223–234.
- Kyelem D, Medlock J, Sanou S, et al. Short communication: Impact of long-term (14 years) bi-annual ivermectin treatment on Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia. Trop Med Int Health 2005; 10: 1002–1004.
- Wanji S, Tendongfor N, Nji T, et al. Community-directed delivery of doxycycline for the treatment of onchocerciasis in areas of co-endemicity with loiasis in Cameroon. Parasit Vectors 2009; 2: 1.
- Horton J, Witt C, Ottesen EA, et al. An analysis of the safety of the single dose, two drug regimens used in programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology 2000; 121: S147–S160.
- Schwab AE, Churcher TS, Schwab AJ, et al. An analysis of the population genetics of potential multi-drug resistance in Wuchereria bancrofti due to combination chemotherapy. Parasitology 2007; 134: 1025–1040.
- Schwab AE, Boakye DA, Kyelem D, et al. Detection of benzimidazole resistance–associated mutations in the filarial nematode Wuchereria bancrofti and evidence for selection by albendazole and ivermectin combination treatment. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005; 73: 234–238.
- Schwab AE, Churcher TS, Schwab AJ, et al. Population genetics of concurrent selection with albendazole and ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine on the possible spread of albendazole resistance in Wuchereria bancrofti. Parasitology 2006; 133: 589–601.
- Satcher D, Foege WH, Watson Jr WC, et al. Recommendations of the International Task Force for Disease Eradication. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Recomm Rep 1993; i–38.
- Sodahlon YK, Dorkenoo AM, Morgah K, et al. A success story: Togo is moving toward becoming the first sub-Saharan African nation to eliminate lymphatic filariasis through mass drug administration and countrywide morbidity alleviation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7: e2080.
- Tada I. Lymphatic Filariasis and its Control in Japan. Trop Med Health 2011; 39: 15–20.
References
Molyneux DH, Taylor MJ. Current status and future prospects of the Global Lymphatic Filariasis Programme. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2001; 14: 155–159.
Haddix AC, Kestler A. Lymphatic filariasis: economic aspects of the disease and programmes for its elimination. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2000; 94: 592–593.
Ottesen EA, Hooper PJ, Bradley M, et al. The global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: health impact after 8 years. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2008; 2: e317.
Stolk WA, Quirine A, De Vlas SJ, et al. Modeling the impact and costs of semiannual mass drug administration for accelerated elimination of lymphatic filariasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7: e1984.
Wynd S, Melrose WD, Durrheim DN, et al. Understanding the community impact of lymphatic filariasis: a review of the sociocultural literature. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85: 493–498.
Coreil J, Mayard G. Indigenization of illness support groups for lymphatic filariasis in Haiti. Anthropol Public Health Bridg Differ Cult Soc 2009; 245–265.
Organization WH, others. Monitoring and epidemiological assessment of mass drug administration in the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: a manual for national elimination programmes (2011).
Recensement Général de la Population Humaine 2006. INSD Burkina Faso. (accessed 8 September 2016).
Balam MS. Impact du traitement de masse sur l’infection et la transmission de la filariose lymphatique par l’association albendazole/ivermectine en zone de savane sud soudanienne, Mali. Thèse de Médecine 2007 Bamako Mali.
Bockarie MJ, Tisch DJ, Kastens W, et al. Mass treatment to eliminate filariasis in Papua New Guinea. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 1841–1848.
Michael E, Malecela-Lazaro MN, Simonsen PE, et al. Mathematical modelling and the control of lymphatic filariasis. Lancet Infect Dis 2004; 4: 223–234.
Kyelem D, Medlock J, Sanou S, et al. Short communication: Impact of long-term (14 years) bi-annual ivermectin treatment on Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia. Trop Med Int Health 2005; 10: 1002–1004.
Wanji S, Tendongfor N, Nji T, et al. Community-directed delivery of doxycycline for the treatment of onchocerciasis in areas of co-endemicity with loiasis in Cameroon. Parasit Vectors 2009; 2: 1.
Horton J, Witt C, Ottesen EA, et al. An analysis of the safety of the single dose, two drug regimens used in programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology 2000; 121: S147–S160.
Schwab AE, Churcher TS, Schwab AJ, et al. An analysis of the population genetics of potential multi-drug resistance in Wuchereria bancrofti due to combination chemotherapy. Parasitology 2007; 134: 1025–1040.
Schwab AE, Boakye DA, Kyelem D, et al. Detection of benzimidazole resistance–associated mutations in the filarial nematode Wuchereria bancrofti and evidence for selection by albendazole and ivermectin combination treatment. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005; 73: 234–238.
Schwab AE, Churcher TS, Schwab AJ, et al. Population genetics of concurrent selection with albendazole and ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine on the possible spread of albendazole resistance in Wuchereria bancrofti. Parasitology 2006; 133: 589–601.
Satcher D, Foege WH, Watson Jr WC, et al. Recommendations of the International Task Force for Disease Eradication. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Recomm Rep 1993; i–38.
Sodahlon YK, Dorkenoo AM, Morgah K, et al. A success story: Togo is moving toward becoming the first sub-Saharan African nation to eliminate lymphatic filariasis through mass drug administration and countrywide morbidity alleviation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7: e2080.
Tada I. Lymphatic Filariasis and its Control in Japan. Trop Med Health 2011; 39: 15–20.