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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background. In-hospital mortality in elderly patients reaches 32% in some departments of Internal Medicine in Yaoundé and the causes are largely unknown. The study aimed at identifying some factors associated with this high mortality in our environment. Methods. The study was carried out from June to August 2017, in the Internal Medicine departments of the Yaoundé Teaching Hospital and the Yaoundé Central Hospital. We included all patients aged of 60 and over hospitalized in the Internal Medicine departments during the study period and looked for iatrogeneic events in the rcords. Iatrogenic events were defined as any adverse clinical and / or biological manifestations occurring during hospitalization and which cannot be explained by the current disease. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 software. The Chi-square and the exact Fischer test were used to study associations between variables with a significance threshold of less than 0.05. We obtained the approval of the Institutional Ethical Review Board of the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. Results. We included 81 patients with a mean age at 71.5 ± 8.1 years. We found an incidence of 5.3 iatrogenic events per 100 person-days of hospitalization. Risk factors for iatrogenic event were poor general status at admission (RR 4.35 95% CI 1.04-17.5 p= 0.044), antihypertensive drugs (RR 5.3 95 %CI p= 0.015) and polymedication (RR 6.1 95% CI 1.8-20.5 p <0.001).The occurrence of an iatrogenic event significantly increased the risk of death in elderly patients (RR 1.6 95%CI 1.1-2.2).Conclusion. The identification of patients at risk of iatrogenic events will help reduce the in-hospital mortality of elderly patients.Abstract in one paragraph
RÉSUMÉ
Contexte. La mortalité hospitalière des patients âgés atteint 32% dans certains services de Médecine Interne à Yaoundé. Les facteurs associés à cette mortalité élevée sont peu documentés dans notre environnement d’où cette étude. Méthodologie.: Cette étude a été réalisée de juin à août 2017 dans les services de médecine interne de Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire et de l'Hôpital Central de Yaoundé. Nous avons inclus tous les patients âgés de 60 ans et plus hospitalisés dans les services de Médecine Interne pendant la période d'étude. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide du logiciel SPSS 23.0. Le test du chi carré et le test exact de Fischer ont été utilisés pour étudier les associations entre les variables avec un seuil de significativité inférieur à 0,05. Nous avons obtenu l'approbation du comité d'éthique de la Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales de Yaoundé. Les événements iatrogènes ont été définis comme toute manifestation clinique et / ou biologique défavorable survenant pendant l’hospitalisation et ne pouvant être expliquée par la maladie actuelle. Résultats. Nous avons inclus 81 patients dont l’âge moyen de 71,5 ± 8,1 ans. L’incidence de la iatrogénie était de 5,3 événements iatrogènes par 100 jours-personnes d’hospitalisation. Les facteurs de risque d’événement de survenue d’évènements iatrogéniques étaient un mauvais état général à l’admission (RR 4,35, IC 95%: 1,05-17,5 p = 0,044), la prise au long cours d’antihypertenseurs (RR 5,3 95%, IC p = 0,015) et la polymédication (RR 6,1 95%, IC 1,8-20,5 p < 0,001). La survenue d'un événement iatrogène augmentait significativement le risque de décès chez les patients âgés (RR 1,6 IC 95% 1,1-2,2). Conclusion. L'identification des patients présentant un risque d'événements iatrogéniques contribuera à réduire la mortalité hospitalière des patients âgés.
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References
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- Kleinpell RM, Fletcher K, Jennings BM. Reducing Functional Decline in Hospitalized Elderly. In: Hughes RG, editor. Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2008 [cited 2017 Mar 9]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2629/
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- Andrews K, Brocklehurst JC. The implications of demographic changes on resource allocation. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 1985 Apr;19(2):109–11.
- Wilson LA, Lawson IR, Brass W. Multiple disorders in the elderly. A clinical and statistical study. Lancet Lond Engl. 1962 Oct 27;2(7261):841–3.
- Death by Medicine - 1 - Life Extension [Internet]. [cited 2017 Mar 7]. Available from: http://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2004/3/awsi_death/Page-01
- Madeira S, Melo M, Porto J, Monteiro S, Pereira de Moura JM, Alexandrino MB, et al. The diseases we cause: Iatrogenic illness in a department of internal medicine. Eur J Intern Med. 2007 Sep;18(5):391–9.
- Carvalho-Filho ET, Saporetti L, Souza MA, Arantes AC, Vaz MYK, Hojaiji NHS, et al. Iatrogenia em pacientes idosos hospitalizados. Rev Saúde Pública. 1998 Feb;32(1):36–42.
- Atiqi R, van Bommel E, Cleophas TJ, Zwinderman AH. Prevalence of iatrogenic admissions to the Departments of Medicine/Cardiology/ Pulmonology in a 1,250 bed general hospital. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Aug;48(8):517–24.
- Jahnigen D, Hannon C, Laxson L, LaForce FM. Iatrogenic disease in hospitalized elderly veterans. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1982 Jun;30(6):387–90.
- Szlejf C, Farfel JM, Curiati JA, de Barros Couto Junior E, Jacob-Filho W, Azevedo RS. Medical adverse events in elderly hospitalized patients: A prospective study. Clinics. 2012 Nov;67(11):1247–52.
- Santos JC dos, Ceolim MF. Nursing iatrogenic events in hospitalized elderly patients. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2009 Dec;43(4):810–7.
- Dotchin Catherine Louise, Olusala Akinyemi Rufus, Keith Gray William, Walker Richard W. Geriatric medicine: services and training in Africa. Age Ageing. 2013;42:124–8.
- Enquête Démographique et de Santé, et à Indicateurs Multiple (EDS-MICS): [Internet]. [cited 2017 Mar 7]. Available from: http://www.statistics-cameroon.org/news.php?id=74
- Prévalence et mortalité des maladies cardiovasculaires en milieu hospitalier camerounais : Cas de deux hôpitaux de référence de la ville de Yaoundé. [Internet]. [cited 2017 Mar 24]. Available from: http://tropical-cardiology.com/Accueil/index.php/2013-08-10-06-44-55/volume-n-145/177-prevalence-et-mortalite-des-maladies-cardiovasculaires-en-milieu-hospitalier-camerounais-cas-de-deux-hopitaux-de-reference-de-la-ville-de-yaounde
- Talbit NS. Connaissances, aptitudes et pratiques des professionnels de la santé vis-à-vis des mesures de prévention des infections nosocomiales à Yaoundé. University of Yaoundé I; 2015.
- Steel K, Gertman P, Crescenzi C, Anderson J. Iatrogenic illness on a general medical service at a university hospital*. Qual Saf Health Care. 2004 Feb;13(1):76–80.
- Lefevre F, Feinglass J, Potts S, Soglin L, Yarnold P, Martin GJ, et al. Iatrogenic complications in high-risk, elderly patients. Arch Intern Med. 1992 Oct;152(10):2074–80.
References
OMS | Vieillissement et santé [Internet]. WHO. [cited 2017 Mar 9]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs404/fr/
Kleinpell RM, Fletcher K, Jennings BM. Reducing Functional Decline in Hospitalized Elderly. In: Hughes RG, editor. Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2008 [cited 2017 Mar 9]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2629/
Sanya EO, Akande TM, Opadijo G, Olarinoye JK, Bojuwoye BJ. Pattern and outcome of medical admission of elderly patients seen at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin. Afr J Med Med Sci. 2008 Dec;37(4):375–81.
Andrews K, Brocklehurst JC. The implications of demographic changes on resource allocation. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 1985 Apr;19(2):109–11.
Wilson LA, Lawson IR, Brass W. Multiple disorders in the elderly. A clinical and statistical study. Lancet Lond Engl. 1962 Oct 27;2(7261):841–3.
Death by Medicine - 1 - Life Extension [Internet]. [cited 2017 Mar 7]. Available from: http://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2004/3/awsi_death/Page-01
Madeira S, Melo M, Porto J, Monteiro S, Pereira de Moura JM, Alexandrino MB, et al. The diseases we cause: Iatrogenic illness in a department of internal medicine. Eur J Intern Med. 2007 Sep;18(5):391–9.
Carvalho-Filho ET, Saporetti L, Souza MA, Arantes AC, Vaz MYK, Hojaiji NHS, et al. Iatrogenia em pacientes idosos hospitalizados. Rev Saúde Pública. 1998 Feb;32(1):36–42.
Atiqi R, van Bommel E, Cleophas TJ, Zwinderman AH. Prevalence of iatrogenic admissions to the Departments of Medicine/Cardiology/ Pulmonology in a 1,250 bed general hospital. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Aug;48(8):517–24.
Jahnigen D, Hannon C, Laxson L, LaForce FM. Iatrogenic disease in hospitalized elderly veterans. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1982 Jun;30(6):387–90.
Szlejf C, Farfel JM, Curiati JA, de Barros Couto Junior E, Jacob-Filho W, Azevedo RS. Medical adverse events in elderly hospitalized patients: A prospective study. Clinics. 2012 Nov;67(11):1247–52.
Santos JC dos, Ceolim MF. Nursing iatrogenic events in hospitalized elderly patients. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2009 Dec;43(4):810–7.
Dotchin Catherine Louise, Olusala Akinyemi Rufus, Keith Gray William, Walker Richard W. Geriatric medicine: services and training in Africa. Age Ageing. 2013;42:124–8.
Enquête Démographique et de Santé, et à Indicateurs Multiple (EDS-MICS): [Internet]. [cited 2017 Mar 7]. Available from: http://www.statistics-cameroon.org/news.php?id=74
Prévalence et mortalité des maladies cardiovasculaires en milieu hospitalier camerounais : Cas de deux hôpitaux de référence de la ville de Yaoundé. [Internet]. [cited 2017 Mar 24]. Available from: http://tropical-cardiology.com/Accueil/index.php/2013-08-10-06-44-55/volume-n-145/177-prevalence-et-mortalite-des-maladies-cardiovasculaires-en-milieu-hospitalier-camerounais-cas-de-deux-hopitaux-de-reference-de-la-ville-de-yaounde
Talbit NS. Connaissances, aptitudes et pratiques des professionnels de la santé vis-à-vis des mesures de prévention des infections nosocomiales à Yaoundé. University of Yaoundé I; 2015.
Steel K, Gertman P, Crescenzi C, Anderson J. Iatrogenic illness on a general medical service at a university hospital*. Qual Saf Health Care. 2004 Feb;13(1):76–80.
Lefevre F, Feinglass J, Potts S, Soglin L, Yarnold P, Martin GJ, et al. Iatrogenic complications in high-risk, elderly patients. Arch Intern Med. 1992 Oct;152(10):2074–80.