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Abstract

ABSTRACT
Background. Severe hypertension increases the odds of having hypertensive target organ lesions, including mitral regurgitation (MR) which is associated with excess mortality rates. We aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of MR in severe hypertensives. Materials and Methods. We included 92 patients with severe hypertension in this cross-sectional study conducted in two tertiary hospitals in Yaoundé. After informed consent, clinical and echocardiographic data were collected. Echocardiographic assessment was performed as recommend by European society of cardiology guidelines on cardiovascular imaging. Proportion were compared with the Chi square or the Fisher exact test, with a significance threshold of 5%. Results. The mean age of participants was 60.8 ± 13.1 years. MR was found in 20.7% (95% CI: 13 – 29.3) of patients. Systolic blood pressure ≥ 200 mmHg (p = 0.037), diastolic blood pressure ≥ 126 mmHg (p = 0.019), left ventricular dilation (p = 0.018), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEs) treatment (p = 0.037) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50 % (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with MR. After adjustment for potential confounders, ACEs and LVEF < 50% remained associated with MR. Conclusion. MR is common in patients with severe hypertension and is associated with higher blood pressure, ACEs treatment, left ventricular dilation and ejection fraction impairment. Early echocardiographic assessment of patients with severe hypertension may contribute to improvement of their outcome.
RÉSUMÉ
Contexte. L’hypertension artérielle (HTA) sévère prédispose aux lésions d’organes cibles chez les patients concernés, y compris à la régurgitation mitrale (RM) qui, associée à une HTA sévère majore les taux de mortalité. Le but de notre travail était de déterminer la prévalence et les déterminants de la RM chez les patients présentant une HTA sévère. Méthodes. Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale bi centrique (Hôpital central de Yaoundé et Hôpital Général de Yaoundé). Après obtention d’un consentement libre et éclairé, les données cliniques et échocardiographiques ont été recueillies. L’évaluation échocardiographique a été effectuée selon les lignes directrices de la Société Européenne de Cardiologie La proportion a été comparée au carré Chi ou au critère exact de Fisher, avec un seuil de significativité de 5 %. Résultats. Nous avons inclus 92 patients présentant une HTA sévère. L’âge moyen des participants était de 60,8 ± 13,1 ans. La RM a été retrouvée chez 20,7% (IC 95% : 13 – 29.3) des patients. Les paramètres tels que la pression artérielle systolique (PAS) ≥ 200 mmHg (p = 0,037), pression artérielle diastolique (PAD) ≥ 126 mmHg (p = 0,019), dilatation ventriculaire gauche (p = 0,018), le traitement par des inhibiteurs de l’enzyme de conversion de l’angiotensine (IEC) (p = 0,037) et la fraction d’éjection ventriculaire gauche (FEVG) < 50 % (p = 0,001) ont été significativement associés à la RM. Après ajustement, la thérapeutique par les IEC et la FEVG < 50% sont restés associés à la RM. Conclusion. la RM est retrouvée chez les patients ayant une HTA sévère et est associé à une pression artérielle plus élevée, le traitement par les IEC, la dilatation ventriculaire gauche et la diminution de la fraction d’éjection. Une évaluation échocardiographique précoce chez ces patients pourrait contribuer à l’amélioration de leur prise en charge.

 

Keywords

Mitral regurgitation Severe hypertension 2D-Echocardiography Cameroon.

Article Details

How to Cite
Nganou–Gnindjio, C. N., Boombhi, J., Sadeu Wafeu, G., Ndengue Ebogo, L., Ndongo Owona, F. E., & Kingue, S. (2020). Prevalence and Associated Factors of Mitral Regurgitation in Severe Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Echocardiographic Study. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 21(11). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v21i11.2342

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