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ABSTRACT
Introduction. Nephroblastoma or Wilms tumour is the most common kidney tumour in children. It is a curable tumour with a well-codified treatment. However, few data are available in Africa and Cameroon on this pathology. This article describes the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile of Wilms tumours in children monitored at the Mother and Child Center of the Chantal Biya Foundation (MCC-CBF) in Yaounde. Patients and methods. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study. Data were collected from patients aged 0 to 15 years from January 2008 to December 2018 (a period of 11 years). The analysis was done using the software Epi Info 7.2.2.16. Results We had 158 cases. Mean age was 4.54 ± 3.27 (range, 0.2 to 14 years), and a male predominance with a sex ratio of 1.1: 1. The first clinical sign was abdominal distension, 35.29%. Many cases (37.27%) were with disseminated disease mainly in the lungs (42.11%) and liver (31.58%). 108 (77.14%) received complete treatment. 63.93% had a remission, while 28.48 % died. The overall survival at 5 years was 70 %. Conclusion In our context, Wilms tumour is a disease of the young child under 7 years old. Most came late with advanced disease. Some cases still do not receive treatment treatment.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction le néphroblastome ou tumeur de Wilms est la tumeur rénale la plus courante chez les enfants. C'est une tumeur guérissable avec un traitement bien codifié. Cependant, peu de données sont disponibles en Afrique et au Cameroun sur cette pathologie. Cet article décrit le profil épidémiologique, clinique et thérapeutique des tumeurs du Wilms chez les enfants suivis au Centre Mère-Enfant de la Fondation Chantal Biya (CME-FCB) à Yaoundé. Patients et méthodes nous avons mené une étude descriptive rétrospective. Les données ont été recueillies auprès de patients âgés de 0 à 15 ans entre janvier 2008 et décembre 2018 (une période de 11 ans). L'analyse a été effectuée à l'aide du logiciel Epi info 7.2.2.2.16. Résultats nous avons eu 158 cas. L'âge moyen était de 4,54 ± 3,27 ans (intervalle de 0,2 à 14 ans) et la prédominance des hommes avec un rapport des sexes de 1,1/1. Le premier signe clinique était une distension abdominale, 35,29 %. De nombreux cas (37,27 %) présentaient une maladie disséminée principalement dans les poumons (42,11 %) et le foie (31,58 %). 108 (77,14 %) ont reçu un traitement complet. 63,93 % ont bénéficié d'une rémission, tandis que 28,48 % sont décédés. La survie globale à 5 ans était de 70 %. Conclusion dans notre contexte, la tumeur de Wilms est une maladie du jeune enfant de moins de 7 ans. La plupart sont arrivés en retard avec une maladie avancée. Certains cas ne reçoivent toujours pas de traitement.
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References
- Abondo A. La Pathologie cancéreuse au Cameroun: aperçu sur les aspects épidémiologiques. Yaoundé: I.M.P.M.; 1984.
- Ferlay J, Shin H-R, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer. 2010 Dec 15;127(12):2893–917.
- Howard SC, Metzger ML, Wilimas JA, Quintana Y, Pui C-H, Robison LL, et al. Childhood cancer epidemiology in low-income countries. Cancer. 2008 Feb 1;112(3):461–72.
- A. S. Doh, J.-L. Essame Oyono, G. E. Enow-Orock, P. Ndom, and J. Yomi, Cancer in Cameroon: A Practical Guide, National Cancer Control Committee, Yaound ´ e, 1st ed., 1984.
- Mbakop A, Essame Oyono JL, Ngbangako MC, Abondo A. [Current epidemiology of cancers in Cameroon (Central Africa)]. Bull Cancer. 1992;79(11):1101–4.
- Sando Z, Enoh J, Ndombo Pk. Etude Anatomopathologique Des Cancers De L’adolescent Au Cameroun : Etude Retrospective Sur Cinq Ans. Health Sciences And Diseases. 2013 Aug 11;13(1).
- Enow Orock GE E, Ndom P, Doh As. Current cancer incidence and trends in Yaounde, Cameroon. OncGasHepRep. 2012 Jul 26;1(1):58–63.
- Sow M, Mbakop A, Obama MT, Tedjoua E, Abondo A. [Kidney tumors in Africa. Incidence and anatomo-clinical aspects. Apropos of 123 observed cases at the Central Hospital and at the University Hospital Center in Cameroon]. Prog Urol. 1994 Apr;4(2):214–8.
- Breslow NE, Beckwith JB. Epidemiological features of Wilms’ tumor: results of the National Wilms’ Tumor Study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1982 Mar;68(3):429–36.
- Shamberger RC, Macklis RM, Sallan SE. Recent experience with Wilms’ tumor: 1978-1991. Ann Surg Oncol. 1994 Jan;1(1):59–65.
- Edwards L, Greeff L. A descriptive qualitative study of childhood cancer challenges in South Africa: Thematic analysis of 68 photovoice contributions. South African Journal of Oncology. 2017 May 26;1:8.
- Onuigbo W. Comparative Approach to the Epidemiology of Wilm’s Tumor. Archives in Cancer Research. 2016;4(1).
- Juárez-Ocaña S, Palma-Padilla V, González-Miranda G, Siordia-Reyes A, López-Aguilar E, et al. Epidemiological and some clinical characteristics of neuroblastoma in Mexican children (1996–2005). BMC Cancer. 2009 Dec;9(1).
- Rais F, Benhmidou N, Rais G, Loughlimi H, Kouhen F, Maghous A, et al. Wilms tumor in childhood: Single centre retrospective study from the National Institute of Oncology of Rabat and literature review. Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal. 2016 Aug;1(2):28–34.
- Mwamba P, Rogena E, Kitonyi G. A Ten Year Retrospective Audit of the Clinic-pathological Management and Treatment Outcomes of Patient’s with Nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor) at Kenyatta National Hospital. American Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2017 Aug 26;5:21–4.
- Pritchard J, Imeson J, Barnes J, Cotterill S, Gough D, Marsden HB, et al. Results of the United Kingdom Children’s Cancer Study Group first Wilms’ Tumor Study. J Clin Oncol. 1995 Jan;13(1):124–33.
- Valayer J, Lemerle J, Gubler J. Tumeurs du rein ; encyclo- med.chir .Paris : Pédiatrie 4088 D10 3 ; 1980.p. 45-57.
- Dominique P. Néphroblastome ou tumeur de WILMS (144 C) ; Corpus Médical - Faculté de Médecine de Grenoble. 2005. p. 1-25
- Anne D, Gilles V, Olivier H, Dominique C, François P. Le Néphroblastome Ou Tumeur De Wilms; IGR. 2003. p. 1-12
- D’Angio G, Breslow N, Beckwith J, Evans A, Baum H, deLorimier A, et al. Treatment of Wilms’ tumor. Results of the Third National Wilms’ Tumor Study. Cancer. 1989 Jul 15;64(2):349–60.
- GFAOP Protocole de traitement de néphroblastome. GFA Néphro 2005. p .1-20.
- Kim S, Chung D. Pediatric Solid Malignancies: Neuroblastoma and Wilms’ Tumor. Surgical Clinics of North America. 2006 Apr 1;86(2):469–87.
References
Abondo A. La Pathologie cancéreuse au Cameroun: aperçu sur les aspects épidémiologiques. Yaoundé: I.M.P.M.; 1984.
Ferlay J, Shin H-R, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer. 2010 Dec 15;127(12):2893–917.
Howard SC, Metzger ML, Wilimas JA, Quintana Y, Pui C-H, Robison LL, et al. Childhood cancer epidemiology in low-income countries. Cancer. 2008 Feb 1;112(3):461–72.
A. S. Doh, J.-L. Essame Oyono, G. E. Enow-Orock, P. Ndom, and J. Yomi, Cancer in Cameroon: A Practical Guide, National Cancer Control Committee, Yaound ´ e, 1st ed., 1984.
Mbakop A, Essame Oyono JL, Ngbangako MC, Abondo A. [Current epidemiology of cancers in Cameroon (Central Africa)]. Bull Cancer. 1992;79(11):1101–4.
Sando Z, Enoh J, Ndombo Pk. Etude Anatomopathologique Des Cancers De L’adolescent Au Cameroun : Etude Retrospective Sur Cinq Ans. Health Sciences And Diseases. 2013 Aug 11;13(1).
Enow Orock GE E, Ndom P, Doh As. Current cancer incidence and trends in Yaounde, Cameroon. OncGasHepRep. 2012 Jul 26;1(1):58–63.
Sow M, Mbakop A, Obama MT, Tedjoua E, Abondo A. [Kidney tumors in Africa. Incidence and anatomo-clinical aspects. Apropos of 123 observed cases at the Central Hospital and at the University Hospital Center in Cameroon]. Prog Urol. 1994 Apr;4(2):214–8.
Breslow NE, Beckwith JB. Epidemiological features of Wilms’ tumor: results of the National Wilms’ Tumor Study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1982 Mar;68(3):429–36.
Shamberger RC, Macklis RM, Sallan SE. Recent experience with Wilms’ tumor: 1978-1991. Ann Surg Oncol. 1994 Jan;1(1):59–65.
Edwards L, Greeff L. A descriptive qualitative study of childhood cancer challenges in South Africa: Thematic analysis of 68 photovoice contributions. South African Journal of Oncology. 2017 May 26;1:8.
Onuigbo W. Comparative Approach to the Epidemiology of Wilm’s Tumor. Archives in Cancer Research. 2016;4(1).
Juárez-Ocaña S, Palma-Padilla V, González-Miranda G, Siordia-Reyes A, López-Aguilar E, et al. Epidemiological and some clinical characteristics of neuroblastoma in Mexican children (1996–2005). BMC Cancer. 2009 Dec;9(1).
Rais F, Benhmidou N, Rais G, Loughlimi H, Kouhen F, Maghous A, et al. Wilms tumor in childhood: Single centre retrospective study from the National Institute of Oncology of Rabat and literature review. Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal. 2016 Aug;1(2):28–34.
Mwamba P, Rogena E, Kitonyi G. A Ten Year Retrospective Audit of the Clinic-pathological Management and Treatment Outcomes of Patient’s with Nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor) at Kenyatta National Hospital. American Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2017 Aug 26;5:21–4.
Pritchard J, Imeson J, Barnes J, Cotterill S, Gough D, Marsden HB, et al. Results of the United Kingdom Children’s Cancer Study Group first Wilms’ Tumor Study. J Clin Oncol. 1995 Jan;13(1):124–33.
Valayer J, Lemerle J, Gubler J. Tumeurs du rein ; encyclo- med.chir .Paris : Pédiatrie 4088 D10 3 ; 1980.p. 45-57.
Dominique P. Néphroblastome ou tumeur de WILMS (144 C) ; Corpus Médical - Faculté de Médecine de Grenoble. 2005. p. 1-25
Anne D, Gilles V, Olivier H, Dominique C, François P. Le Néphroblastome Ou Tumeur De Wilms; IGR. 2003. p. 1-12
D’Angio G, Breslow N, Beckwith J, Evans A, Baum H, deLorimier A, et al. Treatment of Wilms’ tumor. Results of the Third National Wilms’ Tumor Study. Cancer. 1989 Jul 15;64(2):349–60.
GFAOP Protocole de traitement de néphroblastome. GFA Néphro 2005. p .1-20.
Kim S, Chung D. Pediatric Solid Malignancies: Neuroblastoma and Wilms’ Tumor. Surgical Clinics of North America. 2006 Apr 1;86(2):469–87.